Nicaragua Humanitarian Background

In Nicaragua there are two seasons: The winter is from May to October, and summer from November to April. The rainy season lasts from June to November. The climate of the country varies greatly from one coast to another, on the Atlantic coast the rainy season extends for 9 or 10 months, with the dry season only in the months of May and April. In 2013-2014 period is considered the most affected by drought due to the El Niño phenomenon, this has affected crops in municipalities in the dry zone of the country, causing great losses to small farmers in the area. Also the rainy season affects secondary access roads to get crops. At this time the coffee crop, sugar cane, peanuts, coffee and other basic goods recorded.

For more detailed database on disasters by country, please see the Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters:

Emdat website information for Nicaragua

Capacity and Contacts for In-Country Emergency Response

Government

For information on Nicaragua government contact details, please see the following link: 

4.1 Nicaragua Government Contact List

Nicaragua has Act 337, and Act 863 reform creator of the National System for Prevention, Mitigation and Attention to Disasters, as part of a policy and institutional legal framework of comprehensive disaster risk management in the country. Has updated planning tools that meet government mandates and strategies, regional agreements and international commitments of the country. From the point of view of human resources for disaster risk reduction in the country has the government entities that act according to their functions defined in Act 337.

 There are levels of coordination between the different actors in risk management within the SINAPRED stated in his creative Act, which defines the joint structures, functional relationships, methods and procedures between the ministries and public sector institutions and organizations of various social, private sectors and departmental, regional and municipal authorities. All this in order to perform actions in agreement aimed at reducing risks from disasters both natural and anthropogenic events, in order to protect the general public and their property.

 According to Law 863 "there are two Co-directions as organs of administrative support and implementation of the National System, which are headed by a Co-director each, appointed by the President, who exercise legal representation the national system, as it relates to the scope of its jurisdiction. Besides, there are 9 sectoral working committees coordinated by state institutions (Education and Information, Health, Environment, Transport and Infrastructure, Supplies, Consumer protection, Natural Phenomena, Special Operations and Security). The Civil Defense Army Nicaragua is the body which coordinates Disaster Operations Center (CODE) activated at national and regional level in an emergency. http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/

 The country has scientific and technical information of threats and vulnerabilities, tool damage assessment and training protocols for action, National Risk Management Plan. And office infrastructure, CODE Special Operations Center managed by the Civil Defense Army Nicaragua. Warehouses for storage of supplies in each of the institutions of government, a winery in Matagalpa, one in the RAAS and two warehouses in Managua one recently constructed by WFP, with 500 metric tons (11 million pounds) and is located at kilometer 7 South Road, in extensive grounds in which wineries can be installed quickly moving, if required more storage. http://es.wfp.org

SINAPRED cellar built by WFP

Humanitarian community

The Humanitarian Network RedHumRed identified as Nicaragua, is co-led by the Executive Secretary of SINAPRED and UN Resident Coordinator. This was established in 2010 by 52 humanitarian organizations responding to the shared obligation to alleviate human suffering, raising the impact of humanitarian action and commitment to improve the coordination and participation of all humanitarian actors in preparedness and response to disasters.

The main objective of REDHUMRED is to organize and strengthen humanitarian network, composed by SINAPRED, NGOs, Cooperating Agencies, Private Companies, Civil Society Agencies, Funds and Programmes of the United Nations system to optimize the predictability of humanitarian response.

A UN level has a UNDMT organizational structure is expected instance, within the United Nations System, to meet emergency management disaster. This team is composed of representatives of the agencies of the UN system.

UNETT is made by the agency that coordinates the UNETT and focal points or emergency specialists from each agency of the UN system in the country.

UNETE represents the level by which the coordination of actions to support the management of the emergency and where measures Interagency and interagency coordination are deployed runs. Currently WFP is the lead agency for this area of UN coordination in Nicaragua.

For information on Nicaragua humanitarian contact details, please see the following link: 

4.2 Nicaragua Humanitarian Agency Contact List

Nicaragua Regulatory Departments

In Nicaragua there are instances authorized and able to control various items such as fuel, food, medical supplies, among other regulations. The main public and private entities are presented.

Foreign Ministry: governs requests for duty free import by certifying the applicant organization registered in Nicaragua and has tax-free status, as well as items that are imported as donations.

Ministry of Finance: Issues and approves tax exemption forms obtained in this Ministry. Managing the tariff and customs system. Reviewing requests for waivers and exemptions for diplomatic and consular missions and international organizations, cooperation agencies and implementers of projects financed with resources from international cooperation, as conventions and agreements signed by the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua.

Ministry of Health: Responsible for authorizing the import request humanitarian food and medical supplies by issuing permits for the importation of food and medicine

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry: Using the General Directorate of Protection and Animal and Plant Health, the Institution guarantees and provides services to veterinary diagnostic laboratories, plant, seed, waste and pollution control pesticides. Administers the national registration and control of agricultural inputs and outputs, toxic, hazardous and other similar substances. Provides sanitary and phytosanitary certificates for imports and exports. Authorizes the request for humanitarian food import burden.

Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure: The regulator ground transportation nationwide. Administrative body responsible for granting concessions and services in the public transport.

Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade (MIFIC) has teams of technical scientific laboratory. Through the Food Lab, LABAL, ensures compliance with national and international standards and contributes to quality control and the development of the food industry.

General direction of customs services (DGA) Ensure compliance of national importance and export regulations. Control, collection and control of trade taxes and other revenues whose proceeds according to the customs law.

 Department of Revenue (DGI): corresponds to the direction and under the application of tax and related legislation, authorizing requests and reimbursements of direct and indirect returns for diplomatic missions and consular representatives, international organizations and their representatives taxes, as well as the programs and international cooperation projects financed with external resources.

For information on Nicaragua regulatory departments contact details, please see the following link:

4.1 Nicaragua Government Contact List

Nicaragua Customs Information

In Nicaragua there are four border posts Guasaule, Hands, El Espino and Peñas Blancas. According to the assessment made there are limited conditions for food storage. All products entering through these channels must make the appropriate arrangements and be transported to the storage site from the owner of the cargo.

Of the six ports only the Port of Corinto and Puerto Arlen Siu present product storage conditions, emergency situations can have spaces for prioritizing cargo to enter the affected population.

For information on Nicaragua customs contact details, please see the following link: 

4.1 Nicaragua Government Contact List

Duties and Tax Exemption

For contact information regarding government custom authorities, please follow the link below: 

These procedures apply to registered organizations in Nicaragua to remove its cargo for submitting documents to the Customs office, along with the commitment letter signed requiring regular procedures to complete a period of 30 days from date of import cargo.

For the reception and distribution of international humanitarian aid is coordinated and processed by SINAPRED, release of humanitarian aid is permitted without any requirement that the approval of a designated customs officer assigned to the issue in question

http://www.dga.gob.ni/circulares/2014/CT-033-2014

Emergency Response:

[Note: This section contains information which is related and applicable to 'crisis' times. These instruments can be applied when an emergency is officially declared by the Government.  When this occurs, there is usually a streamlined process to import goods duty and tax free.]

In the following table, state which of the following agreements and conventions apply to the country and if there are any other existing ones

Exemption Regular Regime (Non-Emergency Response): 

[Note: This section should contain information on the usual duties & taxes exemption regime during non-emergency times, when there is no declared state of emergency and no streamlines process (e.g. regular importations/development/etc.).]

Humanitarian organizations in the country are exempt from import duties and taxes. Below are documents provide details on import procedures applicable to humanitarian organizations in the country.

1) CAUCA - Central American Uniform Customs Code.

2) RECAUCA: Regulations of the Central American Uniform Customs Code

3) Tax Equity Act, Act No. 453 (Act 453 Fiscal Equity)

Article 86 of CAUCA state that the express shipments should receive preferential treatment.

Art. 110 Urgent shipments of goods need to be properly express delivery. Especially those related to emergencies. This code and rules can be found in the Guide to Customs information www.unjlc.org

Relief shipments.

Under the provisions of art. 425 and 555 of RECAUCA relief consignments are: Goods sent to help those affected by natural disasters and to be destined for consumption in the country as food, medicine, clothing, blankets, prefabricated houses, articles for purifying and store water, or other goods of prime necessity, and other such equipment and medical-surgical and laboratory equipment and other goods for relief staff to enable them to perform their duties and help them to live and work by performing its mission.

Simplified Office.

As provided in Act 337 "creative Law of the National System for Prevention, Mitigation and Attention to Disasters" and its rules for the SINAPRED, through its national committee, this entity will undertake mitigation actions aimed at addressing the impact of disasters on people and meeting their basic needs emergency

Art. 356 RECAUCA

The receipt of relief consignments shall be made by the SINAPRED, declaration of goods will be produced automatically by the customs authority.

When relief consignments arriving consigned to institutions of social, charitable, non-governmental organizations, associations or public interest foundations, entry of goods is allowed, provided that transport documents are endorsed in favor of SINAPRED the government agency responsible for channeling aid.

For granting release of relief consignments shall not be required of the registration and submission of the customs declaration upon arrival of shipments. The statement shall be drawn from the administration office by customs after the granting release of merchandise.

SINAPRED submitted to the respective customs administration all information and documentation relevant to the preparation of the statement of respective trade, which are:

a) The bill of lading.

b) Bill of lading or airway bill, by type of transport.

c) The details of relief consignments, issued by the applicant or by the customs authorities of the exporting authority.

The office manager or the officer delegated by him shall authorize release of goods by signature and stamp listings, reasoning detected missing or surplus when the official receipt of the cargo.

Administration of Customs shall keep the originals of the documents mentioned above for the preparation of the customs declaration of permanent or temporary import accordingly as follows:

i)  For goods sent as aid to people affected by disaster, to be consumed in the country, the statement shall be prepared in the format "IMP 4000 115" in the customs computer system in version ASYCUDA WORD.

ii) If goods are destined for humanitarian aid work specified in subsection b, the customs declaration shall be drawn under the temporary importation procedure with re-using the same state model "TSG 5000 000" in the computerized customs system in version ASYCUDA WORD.

The temporal importance of relief shipments intended for humanitarian relief, will not require prior authorization from the Technical Division Customs, nor be subject to the reporting guarantee for the amount of any taxes applicable as provided in the Art.426 from RECAUCA.

Food or medicine subject to sanitary conditions shall be inspected by the MOH and the MAG.

Section 557 Permits. The presentation of the relevant import permits for relief shipments may be made after the entry of the goods.

However, for food or medicine and all those goods subject to sanitary conditions, the competent authorities may carry out pre-authorize the release of the goods inspection.

Article 560. Simplified Procedure. In the case of goods falling under the preceding Article, the Customs Service shall submit the declaration of goods to the minimum necessary steps to ensure the fiscal interest.

http://www.dga.gob.ni/
http://www.dga.gob.ni/ SIDUNEA WORD

Exemption Certificate Application Procedure: 

Customs Clearance

General Information 

Transit Regime

Nicaragua Port Assessment

The national port system is composed of ports in the Pacific, Nicaraguan Caribbean coast and lake ports, these being the following: international seaports: Port Corinth attends merchant ships and cruises, located in the department of Chinandega to the west. Puerto Sandino serves only merchant ships, is located in the department of lion. Puerto San Juan del Sur: Exclusive to serve cruise ships and yachts, located in the department of Rivas, in the south of the country. Puerto Cabezas: attends merchant ships and coasting trade, located in the North Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN) Port El-Bluefields Bluff: attends merchant ships and coasting trade, located in Bluefields, South Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS). River port: Port Arlen Siu: serving international cargo ships and national coastal city located in Rama. Lake ports in Lake Nicaragua: Granada, diamond, San Jorge, Moyogalpa, Altagracia, pout, San Carlos and San Miguelito serving passenger and cargo domestic cabotage. Lake ports on Lake Managua: Puerto Salvador Allende, Managua and Puerto Carlos Fonseca Amador, free municipality of San Francisco.

Ports mentioned there are six international seaports, three in the Pacific coast and three in the Atlantic before; ports are managed and operated by the National Port Enterprise (EPN), government port management authority of the country. On the Pacific coast, 160 km from Managua is located on Port of Corinto, Nicaragua's main port and the only one capable of servicing large ships. Another port on the Pacific coast is Puerto Sandino, 70 km from Managua, which has the characteristics of a dual port management and is mainly used for the import of crude oil and solid bulk cargo. The third port on the Pacific is Puerto San Juan del Sur is a unique port for international cruise ships cater also serves basic fishing vessels in a small dock. The NPS also manages and operates two port administrations Lacustrine (Cocibolca and Managua), formed by small ports.

On the Atlantic Coast, Nicaragua has two international seaports (The Bluff / Bluefields and Puerto Cabezas) and a river port (Arlen Siu). The Arlen Siu, The Bluff / Bluefields and Puerto Cabezas ports are ports that handle small volumes of cargo. Arlen Siu Port is located 292 km from Managua, in the South Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS) in the town of El Rama; on the Escondido River, 40 miles off the Caribbean coast. Puerto Cabezas is located in the North Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN), in the county seat Bilwi attends ships fuel import and export of mainly wood and queers. The Bluff / Bluefields is in the RAAS, is the largest on the Atlantic coast seaport. Link to the website of EPN: http://www.epn.com.ni/

For information on Nicaragua Port contact details, please see the following link: 

4.4 Nicaragua Port and Waterways Company Contact List

Nicaragua Aviation 

Nicaragua has an international airport in the capital city Managua and four located in Bluefields, Corn Island, North San Juan, Puerto Cabeza. Currently is developing two additional airports that receive both domestic and international flights located on the island of Ometepe and and another on the island Huete. The latter will become the largest track in Central America. In addition there are five airfields located in Rosita, Siuna, Bonanza, Waspám and San Carlos.

Augusto Cesar Sandino International Airport has been ranked as one of the safest in Latin America and serves as a connection to 15 international destinations.

The supervisory body at International Airports Administration Company EAAI addition to Augusto C. Sandino International Airport, currently manages EAAI local airports located in different ports.

The National Institute of Civil Aviation INAC, Le incumbent functions of regulation, supervision, control and application of the rules governing air transport services and all aviation activities taking place within the national territory, airspace and its enveloping territorial waters (Law 595, Title II, Chapter I Arto.9)

The airport serves international airlines American Airlines, United Airline, Delta Airline, Spirit Airline, Avianca, Nature Air. It also has a line called The National Coastal, which has daily flights aa cities Corn Island, Siuna, Puerto Cabezas, Bluefields, Bonanza, Rosita, Waspám and San Carlos. Also performs charter flights and freight.

Additionally, the International Airport has a cargo terminal where four lines provide service loading and unloading. The cargo airlines involved in the transport and handling of cargo to and from North, Central and South America and Europe. It has with own cargo storage warehouses carrying. The air freight service is provided by Amerincan Cargo Airline, Airline Avianca Cargo, UPS Cargo, Arrow Air

National Airports

Besides the Augusto C. Sandino International Airport, the EAAI (International Airports Management Company) currently manages other local airports located in the Pacific and Atlantic region of Nicaragua. The terminals of Bluefields and Puerto Cabezas have been remodeled, being equipped with modern facilities and safety equipment to ensure aviation operations and give more comfort to our passengers.

4.1 Nicaragua Government Contact List

 4.5 Nicaragua Airport Company Contact List

Procedures for foreign registered aircraft

The written permit application must be submitted to the Director General of INAC and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

The following information must be included in the submission:

• Aircraft registration number
• Aircraft Type and Number
• Origin and Destination
• Estimated time of arrival
• Purpose of flight
• Company name
• Crew Licensing
• Flight altitude
• itinerary
• Estimated time of departure
• Records of aircraft (registration certificate, insurance, continuing airworthiness, maintenance release)
• Telephone number and Fax

The request should be sent 72 hours in advance.

For humanitarian agencies already operating in Nicaragua, it is recommended to obtain a "Permit Blank" through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAE), as part of their emergency preparedness activities. Once approved, a unique code is assigned to a requesting agency.

The Code allows the agency to request permission directly with INAC and get on the same day. For communication outside working hours (8 am to 5 pm) and Saturday / Sunday, coordinate with ONA - Notice of Aeronautics Office at 505 176 2233.

Nicaragua Road Network

The National Road Network for 2013 consists of approximately 24,033 km of roads of which 3,447 kms (14.35% are paved (paving, asphalt and cement concrete), and 20.586 kms (85.65% are unpaved.

With respect to 2012 the paved roads increased by 5.02% (165 kms) and the network is not paved declined 0.48%) -29 kms).

In accordance with the inventory made in 2013 by the MTI, the national road network recorded 24,033 kms: of which 2,375 kms (9.88%) are paved; 1,006 kms. (4.19%) are paved; 66 kms (0.28%) of hydraulic concrete; 3,620 kms (15.06%) Coated; 9,722 kms (40.45%) every time and 7,226 (30.07%) 

For information on Nicaragua Road network contact details please see the following link:

4.1 Nicaragua Government Contact List

Distance Matrix

Travel Time Matrix

Road Security

Security in Nicaragua is generally good on major roads, with the exception of some critical points where accidents are most frequent.

In some roads in the area of the Atlantic is no increase in robberies became worse by the year-end season by the merchant cargo movement flowing from the Pacific to the Atlantic.

Phase UN Security for the RAAN region is Phase 1. In rural areas, road safety is adversely affected by the presence of non-motorized vehicles and motorcycles, road restrictive design rules, and poor overall vehicle

Weighbridges and Axle Load Limits

Road Class and Surface Conditions

The most important road is the Pan American Highway, which connects many countries in this region. This road connects the southern border with North Peñas Blancas border from El Espino, thus giving direct connection with the Republics of Costa Rica sisters and Honduras respectively. In most of the time it remains in good condition and runs through the country directly and indirectly linking the most important and developed as the Pacific region, the central and northern areas. Greatly facilitates the transport of goods imported and exported through the Port of Corinto, Puerto Sandino and San Juan del Sur.

Road Managua - Puerto Corinto

2 hours (160 km) drive down the road from Managua N through Leon and Chinandega, Puerto Corinto is paved throughout. The road does not seem to suffer any problem in terms of safety or infrastructure.

Road Managua – El Rama

The road is in good condition and is more accessible and important to connect with El Rama. Distance from Managua 292 kms or 4 hrs. And the Atlantic Coast through the Escondido River l 100 kms or 6 hours.

Road Managua - Puerto Cabezas-Waspam

The road to the coast of the North Atlantic (565 kilometers from Managua to Puerto Cabezas) is paved only up to the Rio Blanco (150 km. To the northeast of Managua), from there a dirt road that connects Rosita, Puerto Cabezas / Waspám (415 additional km). Most of the 300 km road from White River to the junction of the Wawa River can be considered accessible condition in dry season for light vehicles to trucks with 15 to 18 metric tons, however, there are several damaged sections for the wet season (nine months of the year) become impassable. It has been given in some tran¿mos maintenance of the road, but not sufficient conditions for improvements.

The WFP has an office in Puerto Cabezas, in a rented house, there is a radio antenna and high frequency basic telephone line, Internet, security is provided by a private company WFP has 2 cellars 40m square, 1 cellar of 29 square meters and three mobile stores.

Managua - Matagalpa

Matagalpa has served as one of the centers of WFP operations in Nicaragua, in Sébaco WFP has a warehouse of 5.540 meters for a capacity of 7,000 tons.

Access to the RAAN of Matagalpa is via a dirt road 125 km which varies from state, but perhaps most important is not the primary way for the central government in terms of investment / improvement. A winding road through sand-gravel / clay based sparsely populated tropical pine forests of Puerto Cabezas leads to the town of Waspam (138 kms.

The road often has serious bottlenecks caused by poor drainage along mix muddy clay road during missions to visit the road was in good condition, although there were several sections difficulties that might cause problems for certain types of vehicle (ie, heavy truckloads and 4 x 2 vehicles) during prolonged rainfall.

Managua - Road Wiwilí

It is 6 hours from Managua to Wiwilí from Managua through the Pan American highway through the city of Matagalpa and Jinotega. In the first part of the route is easy and hassle with some problems in terms of infrastructure or security. Towards the end of the unit, conditions along the dirt road deteriorate, bottlenecks during the rainy season are common, besides, the road is susceptible to landslides.

Wiwilí is a temporary center of WFP operations, there is no WFP or infrastructure for storage, communication, radio room, etc. When necessary, WFP can rent a space of 500 m² namely a local partner store, located directly on the river port at the point of shipment Wiwilí. No Wiwilí airport installations, including helicopters. Fuel is available in the city.

Building Maintenance.

The departments with deficits are RACN, RACS, Rio San Juan. Of these RACN presents the largest deficit in value of 3449.53. Among the three departments has a total deficit of 7085.55 kms with last year's variation equals -9.38 kms. There are 113 municipalities with a surplus and 40 with deficits. The largest deficit was observed in Waspam and Prinzapolka.

Bridges

Due to heavy rains falling for much of the year in the RACN / RACS, roads and bridges are vulnerable to being dragged through much of the year: In recent years there has been maintaining the bridges of primary roads or main. Along the main road from White River at Puerto Cabezas and Waspam union, many river crossings have nothing more than basic wooden structures subject to deterioration in wet weather conditions and vulnerable to rising rivers. Wawa River ferry crossing point.

On the way Waspam, about 19 km from Puerto Cabezas city center, it is the turn to the west, the road to Minas Triangle and Matagalpa and Managua. A further 20 kilometers in the Wawa River crossing point. This route is the umbilical connection to the rest of the country for those who can not afford the cost of flights and for almost all products sold on the Atlantic coast. The vehicle crossing is performed by a barge that is pulled through a cable and winch rusty old diesel engine. The barge carries 20 mt + platform trucks, buses and virtually anything it takes to cross the Wawa. During the rainy season the service is suspended as a precaution when the pressure of the dangerous current in the cables and winches, leaving the Atlantic coast link outage.

Registration Bridges in the Road Network

Nicaragua Railway Assessment

No railway network is currently functional in Nicaragua

Nicaragua Waterways Assessment

For information on contact details, please see the following link: 

4.4 Nicaragua Port and Waterways Company Contact List

Nicaragua has 2,220 kilometers of navigable waterways not including two large lakes (Xolotlán or Managua and Nicaragua or Cocibolca). The rivers of the Pacific slope, are generally short haul. Instead, draining into the Caribbean Sea, are longer and extensive drainage basin. Among the basins of great importance for the country, we Coco River Grande de Matagalpa and Rio San Juan.

The fluvial or lacustrine navigation is poorly developed internally the country. There are six ports, three in the Pacific and three in the Atlantic, but the marine cargo in and out mostly by ports of neighboring republics of Honduras and Costa Rica.

As for river transportation, all major rivers in the country have public transport vessels.

In the San Juan River, the city of San Carlos has a port where boats or pangas to go to the historic site of El Castillo are taken Bartola Refuge life, the vast Natural Reserve Indio-Maiz, and the port in the Caribbean San Juan del Norte (or Greytown).

In the area of the Caribbean coast is also the port of El Rama, from where boats are taken to cross the river interesting Escondido and reach Bluefields.

The Rio Escondido with a length of 88 kilometers, the Escondido River is formed by the confluence of Sikia, Mico and Rama rivers, and is navigable to its mouth in the Bay of Bluefields.

The Río Grande de Matagalpa born in North Mill and has a length of 465 kilometers; It is the second longest river in Nicaragua, is tributary to the Tuma River with a length of 180 kilometers. The Wawashan and Kurinwas are tributaries of Laguna de Perlas and its course is with few rapids.

The Prinzapolka River rises in the mountains Isabelia mainstream and has a length of 245 kilometers, of which half are navigable by small boats.

The Kukalaya river has a length of 140 km and flows into the coastal lagoon Whounta; Wawa, with a length of 160 kilometers, flows into the lagoon Karatá and its main tributary is the River Likus.

El Coco, Wangki or Segovia River, with a length of 680 kilometers, is the longest in Central and originates at the confluence of the river Comali (Honduras) and Tapacali (Nicaragua) near El Espino; downstream, the Coco is navigable by shallow-draft vessels, receives Bocay main tributaries, with a length of 115 kilometers and 138 kilometers Waspuk.

 At present all waterways are navigable in winter and summer. Even in summer (November-April) these pathways lower their level and transport is limited and has to travel in small boats (boats or Cayucos) in most cases.

Nicaragua Storage Assessment

For information on Nicaragua storage contact details, please see the following link:

4.6 Nicaragua Storage and Milling Company Contact List

In Nicaragua there are many providers with facilities for cargo storage, but these are much in demand by large commercial companies. For this service must be requested well in advance so that they can create conditions by product. At the municipal level is narrower find wineries with good infrastructure and adequate space for cargo. The government organizations has warehouses, but these, by government guidelines have been used in the past three years to accommodate people affected by hydrometeorological events. They are not authorized for use as warehouses.

Commercial Storage

Storage Used by Humanitarian Organizations

Nicaragua Milling Assessment

In Nicaragua there are not many milling companies capable of handling large quantities. Below are only those which may have capacity to demand WFP.

For information on contact details, please see the following links:

4.6 Nicaragua Storage and Milling Company Contact List

Milling Company: Agricultural Corporation, Inc. (Agri-Corp)

Milling Company: Mills of Nicaragua, SA 

Located on the outskirts of the city of Granada, Nicaragua Mills is the International Private company Primary SIC: Milling, HACCP and: Flour and other grain mill products, Primary NAICS

GMP certified.

Nicaragua Fuel

Further information may also be found at the following links:

4.7 Nicaragua Fuel Provider Contact List

 http://www.mytravelcost.com/petrol-prices/  (updated monthly) 

Puma Energy is the main importer of oil and its derivatives as well as fuel distribution Nicaragua. Currently the system of import is through Albanisa, government-controlled company, who brings him Venezuela. All their including gas stations, assets is in charge of most of the imports of crude oil and refined in the country.

  Albanisa, Nicaraguan and Venezuelan company capital imports and distributes oil in the country. Imported oil is received and stored in the terminal of Puerto Sandino, where it has warehouses for storing up to 648.3 mb of crude. This raw material is then taken to the only refinery in Nicaragua -located near The Lead-slope.

DNP-Petronic: Nicaraguan Petroleum Distributor: Distributes fuel at about 75 stations nationwide.

The fuel prices have increased in recent years, although the country has the oil from Venezuela, through ALBANSA. The price of fuel is due to the general instability of the international market, which has had a direct impact on the local economy and in particular by the WFP logistics activities in the RAAN, where fuel costs, especially for transport by ship, are extremely high (considering that most outboard motors used require a blend oil because they are 2-stroke engines (a fuel mixture 7 liters of oil marine-1L). on the other hand, UN agencies have not yet reached an agreement with the local government for the availability of free fuel service.

Fuel availability is not a problem in the Pacific, as there is a wide distribution network of fuel stations mediantes. A bit more limited in the Caribbean Coast, due to the long distances, where you can locate gas stations. You can have one or two stations in each municipality. So it is important to carry reserve fuel when the displacements are made in this area.

The Managua airport has three refuellers five thousand, eight thousand and ten thousand gallons respectively. The JET A-1 is refined in Nicaragua. The fuel supply has never been a problem during an emergency in Nicaragua. There are refineries in neighboring countries, including Alajuela (Costa Rica), Acajutla (El Salvador) and Puerto Cortés (Honduras).

No floor in the other airports and airfields in Nicaragua. When the planes leave Managua carry enough fuel to return.

Fuel Pricing

The monitoring of fuel prices is performed by the Nicaraguan Energy Institute. Prices of Petrol, Diesel and Kerosene, are not regulated by the state; these are set by each of the Distribution Companies operating in the country. Despite having an agreement with Venezuela and have the lowest taxes in Central America fuel cost is still high compared to other countries in the region. This affects all sectors.

Seasonal Variations 

No seasonal variation in relation to the fuel

Fuel Transportation

The transport of fuel to the internal of the country is carried in trucks by land. Fuel distributors have adequate and sufficient vehicles for humanitarian actions. In case of emergency fuel delivery RAAN can negotiate with PETRONIC directly.

Due to the large area that comprises 32,159 kilometers RAAN and the minimum infrastructure maintaining a constant supply of fuel is expensive and unregulated nature of the region allows prices to fluctuate.

Private stations in the RAAN fuel supplied by the state-owned fuel Petro-Nic who have the right to set their prices independently.Normas, Calidad y Testing 

Standards, Quality and Testing