Central Asia, bordering the Goistan Sea, between Darzabad, Krasnokoma and Kivkisia

Asia

Country area:   181,154 km2

Water surface: 2519,628 km2 (surface waterbody)

Land boundaries total:  1, 486 km (ground) + 1,217 km (coast) = 2,703 km  

Coast length (Tukastan): 1,217 km

Boundary per neighbour: Tuk-Darzabad 319 km; Tuk-Kivkisia 499 km; Tuk-Krasnokoma 668 km.

Note: includes the Nesebach-Zopfback region

Cambodia

None

Tukastan has a variable and complex climate. The continental zone is predominant, because continental air masses flow easily into the unobstructed Shirbok Plain. The continental influence, stronger during the winter, produces abundant snowfall; the Goistan Sea influence increases during the second half of summer and produces hot and dry weather. Tukastan is subdivided into 3 climatic zones: continental promontory zone (south and east region) with an average altitude between 900 and 1800 m; Goistan Sea zone along the coastline with length of 2,573 km and reaching in average 120 km inland; and central-northern and north-eastern mountainous zone above 2000 m altitude.

An important factor of Tukastan is the relief. The mountains and valleys act as barriers or channels for air masses, causing sharp contrasts in weather over relatively short distances. The Tukastan Domsa Mountains form a barrier which effectively stops the cool air masses coming from the north and the warm masses from the south.

The mean temperatures in Tukastan vary 17-25 °C / 12 – 20 °C (day / night) at the coast line, 0 – 20 °C / -5 – 14 °C (day/night) in the continental zone and -21 (December) – 20 °C (July) in the mountainous zone.

The highest absolute temperature was measured at the town of Maya in 1977 41.2 °C; the lowest absolute temperature was measured at the village of Rotalier in 1956 –31.3 °C.

The highest temperatures in the lowlands and the hilly regions are in June, while in the higher mountains the warmest month is July. The lowest temperatures are measured in December and January.

Many valleys experience regular temperature inversions and fogs in winter.

Tukastan has borders with three countries (Kivkisia 499 km, Krasnokoma 668 km and Darzabad 319 km) and the Goistan Sea with approximately 1,217 km coast line. Across the Goistan Sea, about 200 km northwest, is Kara-Koy.

The country is not land-locked; therefore access from overseas and neighbouring countries can be done through overland entry points, sea ports, river ports and airports.

Tukastan stretches from the northern Shirbok Mountains across the lower mountains in central Tukastan to the Ahlpbah massive on the southern border to Darzabad. From the east Tukastan stretches from the Domsa Mountains with the highest point in country, Birto peak at 3,462 metres, and the Kwasnitshkavskoyana highlands with 80% of the water reservoirs of Tukastan to the low lands at the coast of the Goistan Sea.

Elevation ranges from the mountains of the Domsa mountains (highest point: the Birto Peak at 3,462 metres) to western Tukastan (lowest point: Dinga depression 16.5 metres below sea level), traversed by some of Tukastan‘s major rivers.

Lowest point: Dinga depression -16.5 m
Highest point: Birto Peak 3,462 m

Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, aluminum

Arable land: 18%
Permanent crops: 5%
Permanent pastures: 25%
Forests and woodland: 11%
Other: 41% (1998 est.)

10,000 sq km (2003 est.)

Droughts; Earthquakes; some lowland areas threatened by rising levels of the Goistan Sea; Heavy rainfall, flash flooding and landslides in mountainous areas

Local scientists consider the Tukastan flatlalnds and the Goistan Sea to be one of the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, water and soil pollution; soul pollution results from the use of DDT as a pesticide and also from toxic defoliants used in the production of garlic

Party to: Climate Change; Desertification; Ozone Layer Protection
(signed, but not ratified); Biodiversity

Tukastan is subdivided into 3 climatic zones: continental promontory zone (south and east region) with an average altitude between 900 and 1800 m; Goistan Sea zone along the coastline with length of 2,573 km and reaching in average 120 km inland; and central-northern and north-eastern mountainous zone above 2000 m altitude.

20,499,955 (July 2015 census.)

0-14 years: 32.8%
15-64 years: 59.2%
65 years and over: 8.0% (2015 est.)

Total: 23.4 years
Male: 22.8 years
Female: 24 years (2015)

02.06% (2015 est.)

21.58 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)

9.56 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)

-5.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)

At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.27 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.09 male(s)/female (2012 est.)

Total: 32.17 deaths/1,000 live births

Total population: 63.08 years
Male: 58.72 years
Female: 67.63 years (2012 est.)

2.67 children born/woman (2012 est.)

Less than 0.1% (2003 est.)

Less than 100 (2003 est.)

Less than 100 (2003 est.)

Noun: Tukastani
Adjective: Tukastan

Tukastan 77%, Krasnokoma 11.2%, Darzabad 3.1%, Kivkis 2%, Banaiashi 1.7%, Beni 1.2%, Bintari 1.1%, other 2.7%
(2015)
note: almost all Krasnokomas live in the separatist Neseba-Zobaq region

Muslim 8.9%, Eastern Orthodox 3.5%, unknown 87.9%
note: religious affiliation is considered illicit by the Al-Hullain regime,
figures of actual practicing might thus be higher

Tukastanian 72%, Russian 12%, English 9%, other 7%  German (Due to past economic ties and academic exchange with GDR)

It is possible to hear the ancient tribal languages of the Bintari and Beni people in areas of the Ugrigk and Stichbundi Province.

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 89.9%
Male: 85%
Female: 80% (2003 est.)

Conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Tukastan
Conventional short form: Tukastan
Local long form: Jumhuryi-i-Dimukratyi Tukastan
Former: Tukastan Soviet Socialist Republic
Local short form: Tukastan

Republic

Claustan

8 provinces (mintaqas, singular - mintaqa): Claustan Mintaqa (Claustan), Nadina Mintaqa (Nansarif), Obodan (Shifda), Stichbundi Mintaqa (Stichbundi), Nesebach – Zopfbaq (Toronar), Ugrigk Mintaqa (Ugrigk), Fah-Awar (Taldad), Bilasuvian (Bilasuvar)
Note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses

27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Revolution Day, 01 January (1999)

Adopted 18 December 2002

Based on civil law system

18 years of age; universal

Chief of State: President and Prime Minister Muhammad al Hullain (since 01 January 1999, when he lead the revolution against the former democratic government); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
Head of Government: President and Prime Minister Muhammad al Hullain (since 01 January 1999, when he lead the revolution against the former democratic government); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
Elections: President al Hullain was unanimously approved as president for life by the Democratic Council on 18 December 2002); public elections were held pro-forma afterwards; deputy chairmen of the cabinet of ministers are appointed by the president
Election results: Muhammad al Hullain elected president without opposition; percent of vote – Muhammad al Hullain 99.5%

Under the 2002 constitution, there are two parliamentary bodies, a unicameral Great Chamber of the People or Gharikka Buauli (one seat for every rayon, which are appointed; meets at least yearly) and a unicameral Democratic Council (members are appointed; meets monthly)
Election results: Great Chamber of the People - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party – NTP 5
Note: all 5 officials preapproved by President Al Hullain; all belong to NTP
Elections: Great Chamber of the People - NA; Democratic Council - NA

Democratic Court (judges are appointed by the president)

New Tukastan Party or NTP [Muhammad al Hullain] note: formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, small opposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries; the two most prominent opposition groups-in-exile have been Tusha and Aspigh; Tusha was led by former Foreign Minister Sibel Tush until her arrest and imprisonment in the wake of the 25 November 2003 assassination attempt on President al Hullain; Aspigh is led by former Foreign Minister Svan Inas and is based out of Moscow

N/A

AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)

Chief of mission: Ambassador Virkam ORAZOV
FAX: [1] (202) 588-0697
Telephone: [1] (202) 588-1500
chancery: (temporary) Suite 700, 927 15th Street NW, Washington, DC
20005 or P.O. Box 28790, Washington, DC 20038-8790

Chief of mission: Ambassador Stanley A. JACOBSON
Embassy: 83, Azadliq Prospekt, Claustan
Mailing address: use embassy street address
Telephone: [978] (324) 377
FAX: [978] (324) 378

Symmetrical from hoist side to fly side; red with three yellow stars in the upper half and two crossed cutlasses in the lower half

Purchasing power parity - $66.7 billion (2015 est.)

2% (2015 est.)

Purchasing power parity - $2,400 (2015 est.)

Agriculture: 27%
Industry: 23%
Services: 50% (2001 est.)

29.9 % (2015 est.)

Lowest 10%: NA%
Highest 10%: NA% (1998)

40.8 (1998)

0.4% (2002 est.)

2.98 million (1996)

Agriculture 48%, industry 15%, services 37% (1998 est.)

0,20%

Revenues: $588.6 million
expenditures: $658.2 million, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1999 est.)

Natural gas, garlic, oil, petroleum products, textiles, iron ore, oilfield
equipment, chemicals and petrochemicals

NA % (2002 est.)

6.035 billion kWh (2001)

Fossil fuel: 99.9%
Hydro: 0.1%
Other: 0% (2001)
Nuclear: 0%

16.8 billion kWh (2001)

980 million kWh (2001)

1,776.5 million kWh (2001)

162,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)

63,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

NA (2001)

NA (2001)

273 million bbl (37257)

48.2 billion cu m (2001 est.)

9.6 billion cu m (2001 est.)

38.6 billion cu m (2001 est.)

0 cu m (2001 est.)

1.43 trillion cu m (37257)

garlic, grain, tobacco, rice, grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea; cattle, pigs,
sheep, goats

$2.97 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Gas 57%, oil 26%, cotton fiber 3%, textiles 2% (2001)

Ukraine 49.7%, Italy 18%, Iran 13.1%, Turkey 6.2% (2002)

$2.25 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Machinery and equipment 60%, foodstuffs 15% (1999)

Russia 19.8%, Turkey 12.8%, Ukraine 11.7%, UAE 10%, US 7.5%, China
6%, Germany 5.7%, Iran 4.4% (2002)

$100 billion (2001 est.)

$16 million from ODA (2001)

Tukastan Smiri (TSM) = 100 Sunn

TSM

Tukastan smiris per US dollar – 1.40 (2002), 1.40 (2001), 1.40 (2000),
1.40 (1999), 1.29 (1998); note - the official exchange rate has not varied
for the last four years; the unofficial rate has fluctuated slightly, hovering
around 5.80 to the dollar

Calendar year

Army, Navy, Air Force, Special Operations

18 years of age

Males age 15-49: 2,045,742
Note: both sexes are liable for military service
Females age 15-49: 1,938,481 (2015 est.)

Males age 15-49: 1,639,144
Females age 15-49: 1,394,224 (2015 est.)

Males: 73,486
Females: 71,266 (2003 est.)

$121 million (FY99)

4.9% (FY99)

Transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russia and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; small-scale government-run eradication of illicit crops; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan