Lebanon

Assessment Details
Country Name	Lebanon
Official Country Name	Republic of Lebanon
From	03 07 2023
To	31 08 2023
Name of Assessor	Marwan Kammoun
Title and Position	Logistics Associate
Contact	Marwan.kammoun@wfp.org

Chapter	Name of Assessor	Organization	Date Updated
1 Lebanon Country Profile	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
1.1 Lebanon Humanitarian Background	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
1.2 Lebanon National Regulatory Departments	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
1.3 Lebanon Customs Information	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
2 Lebanon Logistics Infrastructure	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
2.1 Lebanon Port Assessment	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
2.1.1 Lebanon Port of Beirut	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
2.1.2 Lebanon Port of Tripoli	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
2.1.3 Lebanon Port of Tyre	Bassam Abousleiman	WFP	Sep-16
2.1.4 Lebanon Port of Sidon	Bassam Abousleiman	WFP	Sep-16
2.2 Lebanon Aviation	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
2.2.1 Lebanon Rafic Hariri International Airport	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
2.3 Lebanon Road Network	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
2.3.1. Land Border Crossing Al Masnaa	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
2.3.2 Land Border Crossing Al Arida	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
2.3.3 Land Border Crossing Aboudiyeh	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
2.3.4 Land Border Crossing Ras Al Naqoura (Rosh HaNikra)	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
2.4 Lebanon Railway Assessment	Bassam Abousleiman	WFP	Sep-16
2.5 Lebanon Waterways Assessment	Bassam Abousleiman	WFP	Sep-16
2.6 Lebanon Storage Assessment	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
2.7 Lebanon Milling Assessment	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
3 Lebanon Logistics Services	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
3.1 Lebanon Fuel	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
3.2 Lebanon Transporters	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
3.3 Lebanon Manual Labour	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
3.4 Lebanon Telecommunications	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
3.5 Lebanon Food and Additional Suppliers	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
3.5.1 Food Suppliers	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
3.5.2 Additional Suppliers	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
3.6 Lebanon Additional Services	Bassam Abousleiman	WFP	Sep-16
3.7 Lebanon Waste Management Infrastructure Assessment	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
4 Lebanon Contact Lists	Bassam Abousleiman	WFP	Sep-16
4.1 Lebanon Government Contact List	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
4.2 Lebanon Humanitarian Contact Lists	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
4.3 Lebanon Laboratory and Quality Testing Companies Contact List	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
4.4 Lebanon Port and Waterways Company Contact List	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
4.5 Lebanon Airport Company Contact List	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
4.6 Lebanon Storage and Milling Company Contact List	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
4.7 Lebanon Fuel Provider Contact List	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
4.8 Lebanon Transporter Contact List	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
4.10 Lebanon Supplier Contact List	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
4.12 Lebanon Waste Management Companies Contact List	Marwan Kammoun	WFP	August-23
5 Lebanon Annexes	Bassam Abousleiman	WFP	Sep-16
5.1 Lebanon Acronyms and Abbreviations	Bassam Abousleiman	WFP	Sep-16

Lebanon - 1 Country Profile

Lebanon Country Profile

Lebanon Country Map

Generic Information

Lebanon is a country in West Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus lies to its west across the Mediterranean Sea; its location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has contributed to its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious diversity. It is part of the Levant region of the Middle East. Lebanon is home to more than five million people and covers an area of 10,452 square kilometers (4,036 sq mi), making it the second-smallest country in continental Asia. The official language of the state is Arabic, while French is also formally recognized; Lebanese Arabic is the country's vernacular with French & English being significantly present with Modern Standard Arabic being limited to news and government matters.

Generic country information can be located from sources that are regularly maintained and reflect current facts and figures. For a generic country overview, please consult the following sources:

LEBANON Wikipedia Country Information (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon)

LEBANON IMF Country Information (https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/LBN)

LEBANON Economist Intelligence Unit Information (https://country.eiu.com/lebanon)

(*note - this is a paid service)

Humanitarian Info

LEBANON World Food Programme Information https://www.wfp.org/countries/lebanon

LEBANON UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Information https://www.unocha.org/lebanon

Facts and Figures

LEBANON Wolfram Alpha Information https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=lebanon&x=0&y=0

LEBANON World Bank Information https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lebanon

LEBANON Population Information https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/lebanon-population

Lebanon - 1.1 Humanitarian Background

Disasters, Conflicts and Migration

Natural Disasters
Type	Occurs	Comments / Details
Drought	NO	N/A
Earthquakes	YES	Lebanon is located in a seismically active region known as the Eastern Mediterranean, where several tectonic plates converge. As a result, the country experiences earthquakes of varying magnitudes and frequencies.
Epidemics	NO	Other than COVID-19, and Cholera no epidemics were reported in LEBANON.[RC1] [MK2]
Extreme Temperatures	NO	N/A
Flooding	Yes	Mainly in the winter season due to the very bad road conditions and drainage system.
Insect Infestation	NO	N/A
Mudslides	NO	N/A
Volcanic Eruptions	NO	N/A
High Waves / Surges	NO	N/A
Wildfires	YES	Wildfires can occur in Lebanon, particularly during the dry and hot seasons. Wildfires in Lebanon can be caused by various factors, including human activities and natural occurrences. Common causes include discarded cigarettes, open fires, agricultural practices, arson, and lightning strikes. Wildfires in Lebanon are more prevalent during the dry and hot seasons, typically from May to October. These months experience high temperatures, low humidity, and dry vegetation, creating favorable conditions for wildfires to spread.
High Winds	NO	N/A
Other Comments
Man-Made Issues
Civil Strife	YES	Lebanon's history is characterized by religious and sectarian divisions, political conflicts, and external influences. The country endured a devastating civil war that lasted from 1975 to 1990, resulting in significant loss of life, displacement of populations, and extensive damage to infrastructure.
International Conflict	YES	Tensions between Israel and Lebanon recently increased after the discovery of tunnels, allegedly dug by Hezbollah, leading from Lebanon into Israel. Israel launched Operation Northern Shield in December 2018 in response to the discovery, and the UN Interim Forces in Lebanon confirmed that at least two of the tunnels violate a 2006 cease-fire agreement between Israel and Hezbollah. This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Lebanon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Lebanon
Internally Displaced Persons	YES	Internal displacements in Lebanon were not continuous but occurred in separate periods of the civil war (1975-1990) due to internal strife, Israeli military invasions, and fighting between Syrian forces and Lebanese militias. It is estimated that at its height up to one million people were displaced. (https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3bd98d5e0.pdf)
Refugees Present	YES	Lebanon hosts the highest number of refugees per capita in the world.[RC3] [MK4] Around 20% of Syrian refugee families live in informal settlements and collective shelters, often in deplorable conditions. The crisis has also pushed many Lebanese into poverty. Due to the deprecation of the Lebanese pound and high inflation, people’s purchasing power has significantly decreased. 1.5 million Syrian refugees 211,000 Palestinian refugees 81,000 migrants (https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/where/middle-eas….)
Landmines / UXO Present	YES	3,847 people killed or injured, since 1975, as a result of Explosive Remnants of War (ERW). The number of casualties peaked in 2006, with 209 people killed or injured between August and December. Through a comprehensive mine action programme, the number of deaths and injuries was reduced to 6 people in 2011. Children both boys and girls are still affected with 40 children under 12 years of age and 75 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 killed or injured since 2006. In 2015 twenty three persons including children were injured by a mine explosion. https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/stories/amongst-demining-teams-one-stand…
Other Comments

For a more detailed database on disasters by country, please see the Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters Country Profile.

Seasonal Effects on Logistics Capacities

Seasonal Effects on Transport
Transport Type	Time Frame	Comments / Details
Primary Road Transport	From December to February	*During winter, it is snowing on the mountainous roads of Lebanon, especially in Dhaher Al Beidar,Cedars, and bcharre which could affect the flow of goods between Lebanon and Syria for hours.*
Secondary Road Transport	N/A	N/A
Rail Transport	N/A	N/A
Air Transport	From December to February	The heavy storm could disrupt the airports for hours.
Waterway Transport	N/A	N/A

Lebanon experiences four distinct seasons throughout the year: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Each season brings its own characteristics and can have varying effects on transportation in the country.

Spring (March to May) is a pleasant season in Lebanon, with mild temperatures and blooming landscapes. However, occasional rainfall can occur during this period, potentially affecting road conditions and causing delays or hazards, especially in hilly or mountainous areas.

Summer (June to August) is characterized by hot and dry weather in Lebanon. This season sees an increase in tourism and outdoor activities. While the weather is generally favorable for transportation, traffic congestion can be more common, particularly along coastal routes and popular tourist destinations.

Autumn (September to November) in Lebanon brings moderate temperatures and a gradual transition from summer to winter. This season is known for its beautiful fall foliage in the mountainous regions, attracting visitors. Road conditions are usually good, but occasional rainfall can impact driving conditions and visibility.

Winter (December to February) is the rainy season in Lebanon, and it is also characterized by cold temperatures and snowfall in mountainous areas. Snowstorms and icy conditions can affect transportation, especially in higher elevations, leading to road closures or the need for snow chains. It is important to exercise caution and stay updated on weather conditions when traveling during winter.

Overall, while the seasons of the year in Lebanon can bring their own challenges and effects on transportation, the country's road infrastructure is generally well-maintained, and efforts are made to address weather-related issues promptly.

Seasonal Effects on Storage and Handling
Activity Type	Time Frame	Comments / Details
Storage		Seasonal storage practices are common in Lebanon, especially in rural areas. During the harvest season, agricultural products like grains, fruits, and vegetables are often stored in traditional storage areas known as "Mouneh." These structures help preserve the product for longer durations.[RC5] [MK6] In the past, especially in remote villages throughout Lebanon, mouneh was prepared during the harvest, the season of abundance. Fruit, vegetables, herbs, plants and all types of animal products were transformed into foods that could be safely kept for a certain period of time, usually a calendar year. Today, the world has changed considerably. This, of course, does not mean that it is a positive change when it comes to food products. Through varying growing techniques, which in some cases causes major harm to our planet, products are now available all year long. In Lebanon, some continue to preserve, even without the urgent necessity of yesteryears. Farmers can avoid waste by selling off some of their bountiful harvest products. Some people stock up on mouneh to ensure food abundance in times of instability, while others maintain it as an important traditional aspect of our culinary heritage and feel the need to safeguard this family ritual. Wheat: Lebanon used to be able to store four months' worth of wheat reserves, but the August 2020 Beirut Port explosion destroyed the country's primary grain storage silos, removing 120,000 tonnes of storage capacity that has yet to be restored to this day. Lebanon's other major port in Tripoli has no grain storage capacity, leaving the country to fend with only a one month's storage by using warehouses owned by 12 mills. *https://www.lebanontraveler.com/en/magazine/lebanon-traveler-marvelous-mouneh/* *https://www.mei.edu/blog/lebanon-running-out-time-avert-starvation*
Handling		The specific time frame for handling activities in Lebanon can vary depending on the nature of the activity and various factors such as the sector, scale, and complexity of the task at hand. The time frame for commodity handling, such as repackaging, sorting, and storage, can range from minutes to hours or even days. It depends on factors such as the volume of goods, the complexity of the handling processes, and available resources.
Other

In Lebanon, miscellaneous commodity handling and storage activities can be affected by seasonal variations. Certain commodities, such as agricultural produce and seasonal goods, experience fluctuations in demand throughout the year. For example, during festive seasons like Christmas and New Year, there is often an increased need for repackaging and parcel production of gifts and holiday-related items. Similarly, specific products like fresh fruits and vegetables may have peak seasons when handling and storage requirements are higher due to increased production and demand. Businesses involved in these activities need to adapt their operations to meet these seasonal demands effectively.

To address the potential challenges posed by seasonal bottlenecks, businesses may opt for pre-stocking strategies. Pre-stocking involves building up inventory in advance to meet anticipated demand during peak seasons. By accumulating and storing supplies ahead of time, businesses can ensure a smooth supply chain, uninterrupted handling, and timely fulfillment of customer requirements. Pre-stocking enables efficient repackaging, parcel production, and storage capacity management to keep up with the surge in demand during busy periods. It helps businesses avoid shortages, delays, and disruptions caused by increased customer demand and limited availability during peak seasons.

Managing seasonal demand also requires proactive measures such as demand forecasting, supplier coordination, and streamlined operations. Businesses can adjust their production schedules and procurement strategies by accurately predicting demand patterns. Coordinating with suppliers and maintaining good relationships with them helps ensure a steady supply of commodities and materials required for handling and storage activities. Streamlining operations, including efficient inventory management and optimized packaging processes, allows businesses to meet customer expectations and avoid bottlenecks during peak seasons.

Capacity and Contacts for In-Country Emergency Response

GOVERNMENT

Through agencies and ministries like the Lebanese Civil Defense (LCD), Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Public Health, and Ministry of Social Affairs, the Lebanese government plays a role in responding to emergencies and coordinating with the humanitarian community. The LCD is primarily responsible for disaster management, providing search and rescue services and emergency assistance. The Ministry of Interior ensures public safety and coordinates with various agencies during emergencies. The Ministry of Public Health focuses on health-related interventions, collaborating with international organizations, and ensuring medical services and resources availability. The Ministry of Social Affairs coordinates assistance to affected populations, especially vulnerable groups, working with the humanitarian community.

The effectiveness of the government's response and its level of involvement can vary depending on the specific emergency and various factors. The government may actively engage with humanitarian actors, international organizations, and NGOs to coordinate response efforts, share information, and mobilize resources. However, challenges, such as coordination issues, limited capacity, and resource constraints, can impact the government's ability to fully engage and cooperate effectively with the humanitarian community. It's important to consult reputable sources and official government publications for the most accurate and up-to-date information on the Lebanese government's capacity and cooperation in responding to emergencies.

For more information on government contact details, please see the following link: 4.1 Government Contact List.

HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY

The humanitarian community in Lebanon consists of various international organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and humanitarian actors that provide assistance and support to those affected by crises and emergencies. Here is some information about the humanitarian community in Lebanon:

International Organizations: Several international organizations, such as the United Nations agencies (UNHCR, UNICEF, WHO, etc.), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), are active in Lebanon. These organizations work in partnership with the Lebanese government and local NGOs to provide humanitarian aid, emergency response, and development programs.
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): Numerous local and international NGOs operate in Lebanon, focusing on various sectors such as healthcare, education, shelter, food security, and livelihoods. These organizations play a crucial role in delivering humanitarian assistance, implementing projects, and supporting vulnerable communities.
Coordination Mechanisms: The humanitarian community in Lebanon operates within coordination mechanisms to enhance collaboration and ensure an effective response. The Humanitarian Country Team (HCT), led by the UN Resident Coordinator, brings together key stakeholders to coordinate strategies, resources, and response efforts. The Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) and other coordination forums facilitate cooperation between organizations and promote a coherent humanitarian response.

The humanitarian community in Lebanon works closely with the Lebanese government, local authorities, and affected communities to address humanitarian needs, provide essential services, and promote long-term development. Their efforts aim to alleviate suffering, protect vulnerable populations, and support recovery and resilience in the face of crises.

For more information on humanitarian agency contact details, please see the following link: 4.2 Humanitarian Agency Contact List.

Lebanon - 1.2 Regulatory Departments and Quality Control

Regulatory Departments & Quality Control

Lebanon has several regulatory departments and agencies responsible for overseeing different sectors and enforcing regulations. These entities play a crucial role in maintaining quality control and ensuring compliance with standards across various industries. Here is a summary of the regulatory departments and their involvement in quality control in Lebanon:

Lebanese Standards Institution (LIBNOR):[RC1] LIBNOR is the national standards body that develops and promotes standards across different sectors. It plays a vital role in quality control by setting standards and providing certification and testing services to ensure compliance. LIBNOR is a public institution attached to the Ministry of Industry. It was established by the law dated 23/7/1962 as the sole authority to issue, publish and amend Lebanese standards and to give the right to use the Lebanese Conformity Mark (NL Mark).
Ministry of Economy and Trade: The Ministry of Economy and Trade enforces regulations related to product safety, fair trade practices, and consumer protection. It monitors the market and investigates complaints regarding product quality and deceptive practices.
Directorate General of Customs: The Directorate General of Customs controls imports and exports in Lebanon, ensuring compliance with customs regulations and quality standards for imported goods. It may inspect and test products at ports of entry to verify their compliance.
Food Safety Department: Under the Ministry of Public Health, the Food Safety Department focuses on ensuring the safety and quality of food products. It monitors food production, processing, and distribution facilities to enforce food safety regulations and standards.
Pharmaceutical Regulatory Authority (PRA): The PRA oversees pharmaceuticals and medical products regulation and quality control. It approves product registration, monitors manufacturing and distribution, and enforces compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and quality standards.

These regulatory departments work together to enforce quality control regulations and conduct inspections, testing, and certification processes. Their aim is to protect consumer interests, promote fair trade, and ensure public health and safety in Lebanon.

For more information on regulatory departments and quality control laboratories’ contact details, please see the following links: 4.1 Government Contact List and 4.3 Laboratory and Quality Testing Company Contact List

Lebanon - 1.3 Customs Information

Duties and Tax Exemption

For contact information regarding government custom authorities, please follow the link below:

Please refer to section 4.1 Government Contact List

Emergency Response:

[Note: This section contains information which is related and applicable to ‘crisis’ times. These instruments can be applied when an emergency is officially declared by the Government. When this occurs, there is usually a streamlined process to import goods duty and tax free.]

In the following table, state which of the following agreements and conventions apply to the country and if there are any other existing ones.

Agreements / Conventions Description	Ratified by Country? (Yes / No)
WCO (World Customs Organization) member	Yes – 20 May 1960
Annex J-5 Revised Kyoto Convention	Yes - 13 Nov 2006
OCHA Model Agreement	Yes - 17 Nov 1998
Tampere Convention (on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations)	Yes - 27 Jan 2006
Regional Agreements (on emergency/disaster response, but also customs unions, regional integration)	Lebanon maintains a generally open trade regime, with its efforts towards trade liberalization focused on the European Union (EU), World Trade Organization (WTO), and the Arab world. Although Lebanon does not have a free trade arrangement or bilateral investment treaty with the United States, it has engaged in various trade agreements. In 2002, Lebanon signed the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership agreement, which became effective through an interim agreement in March 2003, followed by the final agreement in April 2006. Lebanon and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) signed a free trade agreement in 2004. Lebanon has also established bilateral cooperation agreements with Syria in the areas of economics, transport, agriculture, and health. Moreover Lebanon has signed the Arab Free Trade Zone Agreement and bilateral Free Trade Agreements with Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, and the United Arab Emirates. The interim agreement between Lebanon and the EU took effect in March 2003, allowing for reciprocal free trade on most industrial goods. It also facilitates trade liberalization for a wide range of agricultural and processed agricultural goods. The Euro-Med Partnership aims to create a free trade area between the EU and countries in the southern Mediterranean region. On December 1, 2006, Lebanon signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) with the United States. The TIFA serves to promote an attractive investment climate, expand trade relations, and eliminate trade and investment barriers between both countries. Lebanon is actively pursuing accession to the World Trade Organization, having obtained observer status in 1999 and holding its sixth working party meeting in February 2009. Lebanon has also entered into several free trade agreements with Arab countries. It is a signatory to the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA) agreement, which encompasses 17 Arab countries. Import duties among GAFTA countries were completely eliminated on January 1, 2005. Furthermore, Lebanon has established bilateral free trade agreements with several Arab countries to enhance trade integration, including Syria (effective since 1999), Egypt (effective since 1999), Kuwait (effective since 2000), the UAE (effective since 2001), Iraq (effective since 2002), and Jordan (signed in 2002 but pending ratification).

Exemption Regular Regime (Non-Emergency Response):

[Note: This section should contain information on the usual duties & taxes exemption regime during non-emergency times, when there is no declared state of emergency and no streamlines process (e.g. regular importations/development/etc.).]

Exemptions and Privileges Granted to the United Nations Organization

Article 297:

1. Goods imported for the official use of the United Nations shall be exempt from

import and export duties, however these duty-exempt goods cannot be sold in

Lebanon except after due duties are properly settled and following approval of the

relevant authority.

2. Privileges and immunities granted to accredited diplomats as for their sole personal

belongings shall be granted to the representatives of member states in the Main and

Secondary Bodies of the United Nations and during conferences held by the United

Nations throughout the duration of their official business and during travel to and

from meeting location.

Said representatives within the United Nations Organization consist of delegates,

assistant delegates, consultants, technical experts and secretaries of delegations.

3. United Nations employees shall have the right to import their household

furnishings free of duty, provided that the import occurs immediately at the

beginning of their terms of office and that they abide by the system in force if they

desire to abandon these household goods in part or in full.

Customs Law English Complete:

Organizational Requirements to obtain Duty Free Status
United Nations Agencies
All United Nations relief items (humanitarian food and NFIs, assists, vehicles, etc.) imported to the country are exempted from customs duties. For food commodities, the UN agencies are exempted from the sampling process as well.
Non Governmental Organizations

Exemption Certificate Application Procedure:

Duties and Taxes Exemption Application Procedure
Generalities (include a list of necessary documentation)
Required Documents: Bill of lading/airway bill Commercial invoice Packing listSpecial permit – letter addressed from WFP to the Ministry Radiation certificate (if any importation from Russia or Ukraine) Other documents vary from time to time and with circumstances.
Process to be followed (step-by-step or flowchart)
For the import of food commodities procedure, below is the standard process applied at Beirut port: Upon the arrival of the containers and unloading from the ship at the BCTC “Beirut Container Terminal Consortium”, Beirut Port Management grants us 9 Free days of Port Storage, after which port storage fees are charged. About 25% of the containers are requested for inspection; the designated containers are automatically moved to the inspection yard where the sampling will take place as follows: 4 to 5 Kg are extracted from each container and sent to the designated laboratory. Samples are usually sent for testing at the “LARI” laboratory or at the “IRI” laboratory for certain products (especially pasta and wheat flour). The time frame to obtain the results from the laboratory varies from 48 hours to 5 days (Oil for example). The Customs clearance: The Process starts with a temporary declaration, enabling the withdrawal of samples to obtain the approval of the Ministry of Trade, or the Ministry of Agriculture. In this respect, the approval of the Ministry of Agriculture is required for unprocessed food products (chickpeas, lentils, beans…), tuna, meat, chicken, and cheese. While processed food products require the approval of the Ministry of Trade (canned food, oil, pasta…) For The Commodities requiring the Ministry of Trade approval, a previous laboratory test result (issued within the last 3 months) can be used to clear any new shipment if the supplier, country of origin, and specifications are the same. Once the Laboratory result is ready, the Import formality will be submitted and to be finalized, it is necessary to be verified, approved, and stamped by the Ministry of Agriculture or Ministry of Trade offices at Beirut port. After finalizing the Customs clearance, the containers can be shipped within 24 hours from BCTC and the inspection yard to WFP warehouses. It is advisable to de-stuff the containers at the warehouse level to minimize the risk of double handling, losses, port congestion, port storage additional fees, overtime port fees… In this case, the deadline for returning the empty containers to the port must be negotiated with the shipping carriers. If we opt to de-stuff the cargo onto trucks inside the port, we will need to ask the port management to shunt the containers to another available yard, where we can proceed with the truck’s loading operation. Documentation: In addition to the commonly required documents such as Invoice, Production date and BUBD, Weight certificate, Origin certificate, and Health certificate; the following commodities “Rice, Chickpeas, Burghul, Lentils, and White Beans” need a Phytosanitary certificate. The Tuna shelf life should not exceed three years and it should not be less than its half shelf life at the time of arrival. It is worth it to mention that the supplier must issue an invoice for each commodity separately, to facilitate the Customs clearance process. A single invoice for the entire parcel cannot be accepted.

Exemption Certificate Document Requirements

Duties and Taxes Exemption Certificate Document Requirements (by commodity)
	Food	NFI (Shelter, WASH, Education)	Medicines	Vehicle & Spare Parts	Staff & Office Supplies	Telecoms Equipment
Invoice	One original invoice required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original invoice required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original invoice required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original invoice required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original invoice required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original invoice required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.
AWB/BL/Other Transport Documents	Three originals + 3 copies required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	Three originals + 3 copies required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	Three originals + 3 copies required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	Three originals + 3 copies required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	Three originals + 3 copies required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	Three originals + 3 copies required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.
Donation/Non-Commercial Certificates	One original required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.
Packing Lists	One original required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	One original required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.
Other Documents	Original certificate of origin Original fumigation certificate NON-GMO certificate Phytosanitary certificate Yes, 1 Original, applies to UN and NGOs	Original certificate of origin required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	Original certificate of origin required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	Original certificate of origin required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	Original certificate of origin required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.	Original certificate of origin required. This is applied to both UN and NGOs.
Additional Notes

Customs Clearance

General Information

Customs Information
Document Requirements	In addition to the commonly required documents such as Invoice, Production date BUBD, Weight certificate, Certificate of Origin certificate, and Health certificate; the following commodities “Rice, Chickpeas, Burghul, Lentils, and White Beans” need a Phytosanitary certificate. The Tuna shelf life should not exceed three years and it should not be less than its half shelf life at the time of arrival. It is worth it to mention that the supplier must issue an invoice for each commodity separately, to facilitate the Customs clearance process. A single invoice for the entire parcel cannot be accepted. For any importation from Russia or Ukraine, a Radioactivity certificate should be provided.
Embargoes	*UN arms embargo on Lebanon (Non-Governmental Forces)* In August 2006 UN Security Council Resolution 1701, adopted unanimously, established an open-ended embargo on all arms transfers to Lebanon not authorized by the Government of Lebanon or UNIFIL, the UN peacekeeping force. This was part of the attempt to solve the conflict between Israel and Lebanon. The prohibition covers the provision of any technical training or assistance related to the supply, manufacture, maintenance or use of arms and related equipment. The ban formed part of a broader set of measures designed to help the Lebanese Government exercise full sovereignty over all Lebanese territory and to facilitate the deployment of Lebanese troops to the South of the country following an Israeli military withdrawal.
Prohibited Items	Strictly prohibited imports include the following: Cedar seeds and seedlings (to protect Lebanese cedar species) Chemical additives used in bread making (health measure) Table salt not containing iodine (health measure) Waste/slag/ash/scrap of many chemical, mineral, and metal products (environmental measure) Clinker and black cement (protection of local industry) Passenger vehicles older than eight years and transport vehicles older than five years (environmental measure) Used medical and radiological apparatuses (health measures) Gas-fueled pocket lighters (safety measure) Wireless phone sets that function on the 900-Megahertz bandwidth (technical measure) Pornographic materials Drugs Used tires Firearms, ammunition Narcotics Goods bearing false marks and labels indicating their origin (intellectual property) Goods manufactured in or originating from Israel (Arab Boycott measure). Monopolized and restricted goods must be treated similarly to prohibited goods upon import and export. Such goods will be seized whenever a license, permit, or any other legal document is not attached or whenever irrelevant documents are attached.
General Restrictions

Customs Clearance Document Requirements

Customs Clearance Document Requirements (by commodity)
	Food	NFI (Shelter, WASH, Education)	Medicines	Vehicles & Spare Parts	Staff & Office Supplies	Telecoms Equipment
D&T Exemption Certificate	Original	Original	Original	Original	Original	Original
Invoice	One Original	One Original	One Original	One Original	One Original	One Original
AWB/BL/Other Transport Documents	Three originals + 3 copies	Three originals + 3 copies	Three originals + 3 copies	Three originals + 3 copies	Three originals + 3 copies	Three originals + 3 copies
Donation/Non-Commercial Certificates	One original required.	One original required.	One original required.	One original required.	One original required.	One original required.
Packing Lists	One original required.	One original required.	One original required.	One original required.	One original required.	One original required.
Phytosanitary Certificate	One original required.	One original required.	One original required.	One original required.	One original required.	One original required.
Other Documents
Additional Notes

Transit Regime

In Lebanon, the usual customs procedures for humanitarian aid commodities destined for another country involve the usual transit procedure. Here is a general explanation of the customs procedures and considerations for humanitarian aid shipments in Lebanon:

Transit Procedures: Humanitarian aid commodities intended for another country are typically treated as transit shipments through Lebanon. The goods need to be declared to the Lebanese customs authorities before being exported. The relevant documentation, including invoices, sea waybills, packing lists, certificates of origin, and other relevant certificates (based on the nature of the product) and any necessary permits or licenses, must be provided to the customs authorities.
Customs Duties and Taxes: Depending on the nature of the humanitarian aid and the specific agreements in place, customs duties and taxes may be exempted or reduced for these shipments. It is essential to consult with the Lebanese customs authorities or relevant government agencies to determine the specific requirements and procedures for obtaining duty and tax exemptions for humanitarian aid commodities.
Bonded Warehouses: For humanitarian aid commodities destined for another country, the use of bonded warehouses in Lebanon may not be a typical practice, as the focus is on exporting/transiting the goods promptly to the intended destination.

N.B: The specific customs procedures and requirements for humanitarian aid shipments in Lebanon may vary based on the nature of the aid, the destination country, and the prevailing regulations and agreements. It is advisable to consult with the Lebanese customs authorities or seek guidance from relevant government agencies or humanitarian organizations for accurate and up-to-date information on the procedures and considerations for humanitarian aid shipments in Lebanon.

Lebanon - 2 Logistics Infrastructure

Lebanon's logistical infrastructure had been struggling due to several factors, including political instability, economic crisis, and the devastating explosion in the port of Beirut in August 2020. Here are some key points about Lebanon's logistical infrastructure at that time:

Ports: The Port of Beirut was the main gateway for imports and exports in Lebanon. However, after the massive explosion, the port's operations were severely impacted, leading to disruptions in the supply chain and increased transportation costs. The explosion caused damage to storage facilities, cranes, and infrastructure, hindering the flow of goods. Tripoli port came into the light more after the explosion in beirut port with some shipping routes shifting from Beirut to Tripoli.

Roads and Highways: Lebanon's road network, especially in urban areas, suffer from congestion and inadequate maintenance. Traffic jams are common, affecting the timely movement of goods and people. Additionally, limited funding for road repairs and expansions had been an issue for a long period of time.

Airports: The Beirut-Rafic Hariri International Airport is the primary international gateway for passenger and cargo traffic. However, ongoing political and economic crises had impacted air travel, leading to reduced flights and potential delays. The airport faced total power outage on several occasions.

Border Crossings: Lebanon's land borders with neighboring countries facilitated the movement of goods in and out of the country. However, geopolitical issues and regional conflicts could occasionally affect cross-border trade.

Energy Supply: Lebanon faced frequent power outages and a shortage of fuel, affecting transportation and logistics operations. These power cuts impacted the operations of warehouses, transportation companies, and businesses that relied on a stable energy supply.

Lebanon - 2.1 Port Assessment

Port Assessment

image-20231025120330-1

The Port of Beirut is the main port in Lebanon located in the capital city, Beirut, and is one of the largest ports on the Eastern Mediterranean. It has been selected as a transshipment hub for MSC and CMA-CGM. However, after 2020 massive explosion the port's operations were severely impacted. The explosion caused damage to storage facilities, cranes, and infrastructure, hindering the flow of goods.

The Port of Tripoli is the second port in Lebanon after the Port of Beirut. The Port is currently undergoing expansion projects. The port is located 30 km away from the border with Syria. After the 2020 explosion in Beirut port, Tripoli port witnessed an increase in the flow of goods.

Lebanon - 2.1.1 Port of Beirut

Port Overview

The Port of Beirut is Lebanon's main sea port, and it is one of the busiest ports in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The Port of Beirut and the Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport are Lebanon's main points of entry.

The Port of Beirut consists of a General Cargo Terminal, a Container Terminal, a Passenger Terminal, a Free Zone and a Silo area. The Free zone and Silo were hugely affected by the explosion that occurred in Beirut port during Aug 2020.

The total area of Beirut Port is of 1,200,000 m², with a water basin total area of 1,202,000 m² (including the Container Terminal), a main breakwater of 3,190 m and a detached breakwater of 550 m

Port website: http://www.portdebeyrouth.com/index.php/en/

Key port information may also be found at: http://www.maritime-database.com

Port Location and Contact
Country	Lebanon
Province or District	Beirut
Nearest Town or City with Distance from Port	Beirut (Capital of Lebanon)
Port's Complete Name	Port de Beyrouth
Latitude	33.905000 N
Longitude	35.521111 E
Managing Company or Port Authority	Gestion et exploitation du port de Beyrouth (GEPB)
Management Contact Person	Mr Omar Itani info@portdebeyrouth.com +961 1 58 02 11 till 16
Nearest Airport and Airlines with Frequent International Arrivals/Departures	Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport

Port Picture

image-20231025120526-1

Description and Contacts of Key Companies

Mediterranean Shipping Company - MSC
Metz Shipping Agency ltd
National Shipping Co.
Sea Line
Seamen International
Geazairi Transport
Company Maritime d'Affretement Agency - CMA
Merit Shipping
Maersk Lebanon
Edouard Cordahi
Costa Bitar Transport Company
Akak Marine Cie
J.B. Shipping Services
Fast Agency
Eurabia Intercontinental
Kawar & Khayat Shipping Agency
Sea Freight
Continental Shipping Agency
Georges Abou Hamad
H.Heald and Cie
Gevo Maritime & Transport
Tourisme & Shipping services
Carapiperis
Med Conro Shipping services
Lebanese Shipping Union
Hanna Najib Tabet
Ademar Shipping Lines
Gulf Agency
Nicolas Abou Rjeily
Halim-Roukoz Shipping Agency
United Navigation Cie
Abdul Hamid EL Fil & Co.
Lotus Shipping Agencies SAL
Pelican International Services
Barwil Agencies Lebanon SAL
ETS.PAUL ADEM
The Levant Shipping Agency
Gharib Shipping Agency
Seachart Marine S.A.R.L.
SALEH SHIPPING
T. Gargour & Fils SAL
Ghassan Soubra
Ultra Maritime Services SARL
Middle East Transport Company Metco sal
Blue Wave Shipping sarl

Port Performance

Beirut Port received nearly 2,132 vessels in 2019. In addition, via its container terminal, the port handled 1,229,081 TUEs/year. The port has a channel draft of 16.5 m. A bottleneck in beirut port is the congestion of trucks at entrance and exit gates. WFP has a special agreement, for extending of grace period of all food assistance shipments, from 9 days to 30 days.

Seasonal Constraints
	Occurs	Time Frame
Rainy Season	YES	October to March/April
Major Import Campaigns	NO

Handling Figures for 2019
Vessel Calls	2,132
Container Traffic (TEUs)	1,229,081

Handling Figures Bulk and Break Bulk for 2018
Bulkand Break Bulk (MT)	8,660,600

Discharge Rates and Terminal Handling Charges

For information on port rates and charges, please see the following link:

https://www.portdebeyrouth.com/index.php/en/tariffs/port-tariffs

Berthing Specifications

Type of Berth	Quantity	Length *(m)*	Maximum Draft (m)
Conventional Berth	7	1,654	8 to 10.5
Container Berth	4	1,100	15.5 to 16.5
	2	1,334	10.5 to 13
	1	500	16.5
Silo Berth	1	220	13
Berthing Tugs	2
Water Barges	n/a	n/a	n/a

Most container traffic is handled by berth 16 as it can take the biggest container ships. It spans over 36.5 hectares and handles 750,000 TEUs annually. Small ships are handled at berths 12, 13 and 14. Before Beirut Explosion in Aug 2020 the Silo the Silo Terminal, managed by the Ministry of Economy, can store 120,000 mt of grains, especially wheat. There are 48 cells each with 2,500 mt capacity. There are also 500 cells with 500 mt capacity. The Silos were destroyed by the Explosion.

General Cargo Handling Berths

Cargo Type	Berth Identification
Imports - Bagged Cargo	General (no dedicated import quay)
Exports - Bagged Cargo	General (no dedicated export quay)
Imports and Exports - RoRo	No dedicated RoRo quay. however, the Port handles RoRo vessels with quarter ramps
Other Imports	n/a

Port Handling Equipment

All port equipment is managed privately by the Beirut Port Company (Compagnie de Gestion et d’Exploitation du Port de Beyrouth). The port has ample equipment to handle large volumes and a wide variety of cargo.

Equipment	Available	Total Quantity and Capacity Available
Dockside Crane	Yes
Container Gantries	Yes	Container Terminal: - 6 ship-to-shore gantry cranes (60 tons, height under spreader 60 m) - 6 ship-to-shore gantry cranes (65 tons, height under spreader 60 m) - 39 rubber-tiered gantry cranes (RTG, 40 MT) - 6 empty containers handlers (EHC, 12.5 MT)
Mobile Cranes	Yes	General Cargo Terminal: - 35 mobile cranes for steel (50-90 MT) - 12 mobile cranes for general cargo (25 MT) Containers: - 6 mobile cranes for containers (255-300 MT) - 13 mobile cranes for containers (125-165 MT)
Reachstacker	Yes	33 top loaders for containers (full) - 12 reach stackers (41 MT capacity each)
RoRo Tugmaster (with Trailer)	Yes	- 4 Ro-Ro tractors: 4x4 drive. - 4 Ro-Ro trailers: 40'-60 tons
Grain Elevator with Bagging Machines	No
Forklifts	Yes	General Cargo Terminal: - 34 forklifts 1.5 to 10 tons - 16 forklifts for empty containers

Container Facilities

Facilities	20 ft	40 ft
Container Facilities Available	Yes	Yes
Container Freight Station (CFS)	The CFS is under the management of CMA CGM; however, management and tariffs are controlled by the Beirut Port Company.
Refrigerated Container Stations	No	No
Number of Reefer Stations (Connection Points)	904 (for either 20’’ or 40’’)
Emergency Take-off Capacity
Off take Capacity of Gang Shift (Containers per Shift)	Yes

Link to container yard website CMA beirut terminal:

https://cma-beirut.com/

Customs Guidance

The receiving organization sends the Notification of Arrival to the C&F Agent
The C&F Agent initiates the process by informing customs authorities of the expected date of arrival of the cargo, and all cargo details.
The receiving organization sends all original documents to the C&F Agent
The C&F Agent provides original documents to customs authorities.
Generally, the cargo is cleared within 5-7 days (if all documents are in order).
Once the cargo is cleared, the customs authorities provide a Release Note to the C&F Agent.
The transport company can then bring trucks inside the port for onward dispatch of cargo.
(Clearing & Forwarding Agent Contacts are available in the Port Contact List

Terminal Information

GRAIN AND BULK HANDLING

The Silo was destroyed due to Aug 2020 Explosion, and it still in the same condition since that date. The Port is being used a transit point for Wheat shipments. The Wheat is moved directly form the vessel and loaded into the trucks that move the wheat to the cargo owners. Vessels are unloaded by mobile cranes with clamshell “grabs” to fill bulk trucks driving under hoppers at quayside. The daily discharge rate is 5,000 mt.

MAIN STORAGE TERMINAL

Pre-blast:

The general cargo area in the Port of Beirut contains 12 warehouses and a grain silo. The Port of Beirut does not have temperature-controlled storage facilities but has a total of 800 reefer points for refrigerated containers. Transit storage facilities are also available at the Port Authorities’ warehouses.

Stevedoring

Stevedoring service providers are private companies which have a permit to operate by the Ministry of Transport. They are contracted directly by the customs agents/ transporters.

Hinterland Information

Cargo is commonly moved out of the port by truck (generally 40 mt capacity)

Port Security

Security at the Port of Beirut is provided by the “Surete Generale” together with the Port Police and the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF).

Security
ISPS Compliant	Yes
Current ISPS Level *(Level 1 = Normal, Level 2 = Heightened, Level 3 = Exceptional)*	2
Police Boats	Yes
Fire Engines	Yes

Lebanon - 2.1.2 Port of Tripoli

Port Overview

The Port of Tripoli is the second port in Lebanon after the Port of Beirut. It has an approximate area of 3,000,000 m2, with a water area of 2,200,000 m2, a land area of 320,000 m2, and a 420,000 m2 dump area adjacent to the current port, reserved for the future Container Terminal and Free Market Zone (which are under construction). Most shipments carry general goods and dry discharge such as iron, wood, and sugar, various kinds of beans, iron scrap, vehicles, and construction material. The Port of Tripoli also contains a Free Zone with an area of 150,000 m2. The Port is currently undergoing expansion projects, where a new 600 m long berth is being built for container trade, with a rear zone area of 1,200,000 m2. This zone has been approved by the Lebanese Parliament as a free economic zone. The Port of Tripoli is independent both administratively and financially and is governed by the General Code for Public Institutions according to decree no 4513. The Port is managed by a Board of Directors composed of 5 members elected for 3 years.

Port website: http://www.oept.gov.lb/index.php/en/aboutusen

Key port information may also be found at: http://www.maritime-database.com

Port Location and Contact
Country	Lebanon
Province or District	North
Nearest Town or City with Distance from Port	Tripoli 87 Km North of Beirut
Port's Complete Name	Port de Tripoli
Latitude	34° 26' 12.01" N
Longitude	35° 50' 58.99" E
Managing Company or Port Authority	Tripoli Port Authority
Management Contact Person	Mr Ahmad Tamer https://www.oept.gov.lb/index.php/en/ +961 6 220180
Nearest Airport and Airlines with Frequent International Arrivals/Departures	Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport

Port Picture

image-20231025120833-1

Description and Contacts of Key Companies

Port Performance

Tripoli Port received nearly 825 vessels in 2022. In addition, via its container terminal, the port handles an approximate of 66,000 TUEs/year. The port has a navigation channel of 16 m depth. WFP has a special agreement, for extending of grace period of all food assistance shipments, from 9 days to 30 days.

Seasonal Constraints
	Occurs	Time Frame
Rainy Season	YES	October to March/April
Major Import Campaigns	NO

Handling Figures for 2022
Vessel Calls	825
Container Traffic (TEUs)	66,000

Handling Figures Bulk and Break Bulk for 2022
Bulkand Break Bulk (MT)	3,193,958

Discharge Rates and Terminal Handling Charges

For information on port rates and charges, please see the following link:

https://www.oept.gov.lb/index.php/en/tariffs-en

Berthing Specifications

Type of Berth	Quantity	Length *(m)*	Maximum Draft (m)
Conventional Berth	8	1,000	10
Container Berth	1	600	15.2
Berthing Tugs	9
Water Barges	3

As per the Expansion plan in Tripoli port, 600 m will be added to the containers berth. The Port of Tripoli is independent both administratively and financially and is governed by the General Code for Public Institutions according to decree no 4513. The Port is managed by a Board of Directors composed of 5 members elected for 3 years.

General Cargo Handling Berths

Cargo Type	Berth Identification
Imports - Bagged Cargo	General (no dedicated import quay)
Exports - Bagged Cargo	General (no dedicated export quay)
Imports and Exports - RoRo	Quays 6-8 are mostly used for RoRo Vessels
Other Imports	n/a

Port Handling Equipment

Equipment	Available	Total Quantity and Capacity Available
Dockside Crane	Yes	2
Container Gantries	Yes	2 Super post panamax gantry cranes
Mobile Cranes	Yes	6 Mobile cranes with capacity of 125-165 Tons 7 Mobile cranes with capacity of 100-120 Tons 10 Mobile cranes with capacity of 70-90 Tons 20 Mobile cranes with capacity of 40-65 Tons 11 Mobile cranes with capacity of 25-38 Tons)
Reachstacker	Yes	2 for Cont 20 & 40
RoRo Tugmaster (with Trailer)	Yes
Grain Elevator with Bagging Machines	No
Forklifts	Yes	24 forklifts

Container Facilities

Facilities	20 ft	40 ft
Container Facilities Available	Yes	Yes
Container Freight Station (CFS)	The CFS is under the management of CMA CGM.
Refrigerated Container Stations	Yes	Yes
Number of Reefer Stations (Connection Points)	124 (for either 20’’ or 40’’)

Customs Guidance

The receiving organization sends the Notification of Arrival to the C&F Agent
The C&F Agent initiates the process by informing customs authorities of the expected date of arrival of the cargo, and all cargo details.
The receiving organization sends all original documents to the C&F Agent
The C&F Agent provides original documents to customs authorities.
Generally, the cargo is cleared within 5-7 days (if all documents are in order).
Once the cargo is cleared, the customs authorities provide a Release Note to the C&F Agent.
The transport company can then bring trucks inside the port for onward dispatch of cargo.
(Clearing & Forwarding Agent Contacts are available in the Port Contact List

Port Security

Lebanese authorities’ security and private security guards

Works 24/7 to protect and guard the Port and the Free Zone

A network of surveillance cameras with a fibre optics infrastructure

Security
ISPS Compliant	Yes
Current ISPS Level *(Level 1 = Normal, Level 2 = Heightened, Level 3 = Exceptional)*	1
Police Boats	Yes
Fire Engines	Yes

Lebanon - 2.1.3 Port of Tyre

Port Overview
Description and Contacts of Key Companies
Port Performance
Berthing Specifications
Port Handling Equipment
Customs Guidance

Key port information can also be found at:

Website of the Maritime Database on the Port of Tyre

Port Overview

The Port of Tyre is a small harbor that lies at longitude of E 035° 11' 51"and latitude N 33° 16' 27", in south Lebanon.

The port control operates during the daytime, on Marine VHF Ch.16.

Vessels bound for Tyre must report to Beirut prior to arrival for acceptance for berthing.

Customs is available upon request.
No nigh time berthing / sailing.

Infrastructure
A breakwater stretches eastwards protects the Marina harboring fishing boats (up to 30-35' long) and some private pleasure crafts / sailing boats, but does not extend sufficiently to give much shelter for vessels berthing at the main harbor. During the winter season with predominantly northerly winds, swell and waves may result in the port being inoperable for up to 10 days per month and sometimes vessels must sail or shift to anchorage. Average tide is around 0.6m.

Port Location and Contacts
Country	Lebanon
Province or District	n/a
Town or City (Closest location) with Distance (km)	Name: n/a km: n/a
Port's Complete Name	n/a
Latitude	33.27444
Longitude	35.19484
Managing Company or Port Authority (If more than one operator, break down by area of operation)	n/a
Management Contact Person	n/a
Closest Airport and Frequent Airlines to / from International Destinations	Airport Name: n/a Airlines: n/a

Description and Contacts of Key Companies

4.4 Lebanon Port and Waterways Company Contact List

Port Performance

With max drafts alongside varying between 2.0m up to 5.5m, and only ONE - 1 - berth that can accommodate ocean going vessels, the port is of little use for large cargo operations. For the 2006 Lebanon operation ICRC chartered a 500MT vessel shuttling between Larnaca and Lebanon that also made a few calls to Tyre, however most operators preferred to truck goods in from Beirut.

During the recent years only 2-3 vessels call at Tyre per month, mainly smaller RORO's discharging passenger cars from Europe. Due to draft restrictions RORO's berth with stern- or bow-ramp onto the end of the pier, mooring across to the breakwater and two dollies further ahead, along and with shore lines across to berth no.1

Berthing Specifications

Berthing dimensions and capacity
Inner berth (no.1):
Length: 150m
Draft:1.0 - 2.0m
Effectively unusable by ocean-going vessels.

Pier:
Inner berth (no.2):
Length: 80m
Draft: 3.5m

Outer berth (no.3):
Length: 90m (useable)
Draft: 4.5 - 5.5m

End of Pier:
Width: 12m
Draft: 6.0m

Port Handling Equipment

There is no cargo handling equipment at the port and Warehousing facilities apart from the open area storage which is limited to vehicles.

Customs Guidance

1.3 Lebanon Customs Information

Lebanon - 2.1.4 Port of Sidon

Port Picture
Description and Contacts of Key Companies
Customs Guidance

Key port information can also be found at: Website of the Maritime Database on the Port of Sidon

Port Location and Contacts
Country	Lebanon
Province or District	Sidon
Town or City (Closest location) with Distance (km)	Name: Sidon km: n/a
Port's Complete Name	n/a
Latitude	33.5666
Longitude	35.38333
Managing Company or Port Authority (If more than one operator, break down by area of operation)	Sidon Port Authority
Management Contact Person	n/a
Closest Airport and Frequent Airlines to / from International Destinations	Airport Name: n/a Airlines: n/a

Port Picture

Description and Contacts of Key Companies

4.4 Lebanon Port and Waterways Company Contact List

Customs Guidance

1.3 Lebanon Customs Information

Lebanon - 2.2 Aviation

2.2 LEBANON Aviation

Key airport information may also be found at: http://worldaerodata.com/

Supervising Authority:

The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is the supervising authority responsible for overseeing the aviation sector in Lebanon. It regulates and controls civil aviation activities, including air transport, airports, and aviation infrastructure.

Private Managing Companies:

Rafic Hariri International Airport, located in Beirut, is the primary airport in Lebanon. While the airport is owned by the government, it is operated by the private company "Beirut Airport Company" under a management contract.

Overall National Capacity:

Lebanon's aviation sector has faced challenges in recent years due to the political and economic instability in the country. However, prior to these difficulties, Lebanon had a relatively well-developed aviation industry compared to its regional counterparts. Rafic Hariri International Airport served as a hub for various international and regional airlines, connecting Lebanon to destinations worldwide.

The airport has modern infrastructure and facilities, including two runways and several passenger terminals. It has the capacity to handle a significant number of passengers and aircraft. However, it's important to note that the country's current situation may have affected the overall capacity and operations.

Constraints and Planned Enhancements:

Lebanon's aviation sector has faced several significant constraints, including political instability, economic challenges, and security concerns. These factors have impacted the sector's growth and hindered investments and developments.

For more information on government agency and airport company contact information, please see the following links: 4.1 Government Contact List and 4.5 Airport Companies Contact List.

Procedures for Foreign-Registered Aircraft

Lebanese Civil Aviation has established some procedures for foreign-registered aircrafts, as follows:

Authorization Process

All Foreign Operators or representatives requesting flight authorizations shall submit supporting documents, demonstrating compliance with the established Lebanese CAA requirements prior to the conduct of such flights;
Application documents shall be accompanied by a cover letter clearly stating the intent, route, purpose, or activities of the requested flight (s);
All Flight Authorizations shall be coordinated under the direct responsibility of LCAA Chief Air Transport;
LCAA/FSD personnel should not process any requests unless such requests are duly registered and originate from LCAA Air Transport Department.

Application Instructions

Foreign Operators requesting authorization for a flight or series of flights, shall submit documented evidence, indicating compliance with the following requirements:

Copy of the current aircraft journey and technical logbook indicating the latest operational and maintenance entries.
Copy of valid Air Operator Certificate and associated operational specifications.
Copy of valid aircraft Certificate of Airworthiness.
Copy of valid aircraft Certificate of Registration.
Copy of valid Approved Maintenance Organization (AMO) Certificate responsible for the latest maintenance activity on the aircraft.
Copy of most recent aircraft inspection report.
Evidence of valid insurance coverage as applicable for the intended operation.
Conformity statement that the flight crew meets ICAO language and AIP Lebanon requirements.
Copies of valid flight crew licenses.
Maintenance conformity certification issued by a qualified maintenance engineer or manager responsible for the aircraft, that the aircraft is airworthy and in a safe and serviceable condition for the intended flight or series of flights; and
Any additional information as deemed necessary by the Lebanese CAA.

http://www.dgca.gov.lb/index.php/en/fsd-forms-en/category/26-operations-forms

http://www.dgca.gov.lb/index.php/en/pd-cat-8-lar6-en

Further information on Purpose, Scope, Exemptions etc. of these procedures can be found in the following document:

Lebanon Aviation Additional Information

Lebanon - 2.2.1 Rafic Hariri International Airport

Airport Overview

Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (Arabic: مطار رفيق الحريري الدولي بيروت, (previously known as Beirut International Airport) (IATA: BEY, ICAO: OLBA) is the only operational commercial airport in Lebanon, which is located in the Southern Suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) from the city centre. It is the hub for Lebanon's national carrier, Middle East Airlines (MEA), and was the hub for the Lebanese cargo carrier Cargo and Wings of Lebanon before their respective collapses.

The airport is named after former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri in 2005, who was assassinated earlier that year.

It is the main port of entry into the country along with the Port of Beirut. The airport is managed and operated by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), which operates within the Ministry of Public Works and Transport. The DGCA is also responsible for operating the air traffic control (ATC) at the airport as well as controlling Lebanon's airspace. DGCA duties include maintenance and general upkeep ranging from cleaning the terminal to de-rubberizing the runways.

The airport features modern infrastructure and facilities, including two runways and several passenger terminals. The terminals are designed to handle both domestic and international flights, with separate areas for arrivals and departures. The airport has a range of services and amenities for passengers, including lounges, retail shops, restaurants, and duty-free outlets.

Operations and Key Bottlenecks/Procedural Issues:

While the airport aims to provide efficient operations, several bottlenecks and procedural issues have been reported, affecting both operators and customers. Some of the key challenges include:

Security Concerns: Given Lebanon's geopolitical situation, security measures at the airport can be stringent, leading to longer processing times and thorough checks for passengers and luggage. This may cause delays and inconvenience for travellers.

Air Traffic Congestion: Rafic Hariri International Airport experiences significant air traffic congestion, particularly during peak travel periods. Limited airspace capacity and the presence of military operations in the vicinity can contribute to congestion and delays.

Infrastructure Limitations: Despite its modern facilities, the airport's infrastructure may face limitations, especially considering the increasing passenger traffic. Insufficient capacity, including limited check-in counters, security screening lanes, and immigration facilities, may result in congestion and longer waiting times.

Customs and Immigration Procedures: Delays in customs and immigration procedures have been reported, with passengers experiencing lengthy queues and processing times. These delays can be a source of frustration for travellers.

Operational Challenges: The airport has faced operational challenges, such as flight delays and cancellations, which can impact both operators and passengers. These issues can be attributed to a variety of factors, including air traffic congestion, weather conditions, and operational disruptions.

Airport Location and Contact
Country	Lebanon
Province or District	Beirut
Nearest Town or City with Distance from Airport	Beirut 9 KM
Airport’s Complete Name	Rafic Hariri International Airport
Latitude	33.820931
Longitude	35.488389
Elevation (ft and m)	87 feet (27 m)
IATA Code	BEY
ICAO Code	OLBA
Managing Company or Airport Authority	Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)
Management Contact Person	General Director: Eng. Fadi El-Hassan Tel: (961)1628195 - (961)1628196- (961)1628197 Fax: (961)1629010 felhassan75@gmail.com
Open From (hours)	24/7
Open To (hours)	24/7

Airport Picture

image-20231025122353-1 image-20231025122353-2

Description and Contacts of Key Companies

FBO/Handlers:

Cedar Jet Center
Executive Aircraft Services

Charter operators

Cedar Executive
Emerald Jets
Med Airways
Princess Aviation
IBEX Air Charter

Maintenance providers

Mideast Aircraft Service Co (MASCO)
Executive Aircraft Services

For more information on airport contacts, please see the following link: 4.5 Airport Companies Contact List.

Information on some aviation service providers can be found at: http://www.azfreight.com/

Passenger and Cargo Performance Indicator

Performance for 2022
	Per Year	Per Month	Per Day
Total Aircraft Movements	6,544	545	18
Total Passengers	6,349,799	529,149	17,396
Total Capacity of the Airport (MT)	n/a	n/a	n/a
Current Activity of the Airport (MT)	106,361	8.863	291.4
Current use by Humanitarian Flights (UNHAS)	n/a	n/a	n/a

The airport acts as a crucial gateway linking the country to the rest of the world while being located in the centre of Beirut, Lebanon. Currently, a key element of Beirut's logistics scene is the airport's cargo capability. This capability does not, however, come without difficulties. Important limitations including aging infrastructure and constrained handling capacity have occasionally caused bottlenecks and delays. Measures are being taken to improve the performance of the airport's cargo to get around these obstacles.

A thorough modernization strategy that includes enlarged cargo terminals, improved equipment for handling, and simplified customs procedures is currently under development. Within the following two years, these improvements are anticipated to be finished. Once implemented, these developments are predicted to greatly increase the airport in Beirut's cargo capacity, accelerating the transportation of cargo.

Runways

The lifeblood that connects Lebanon to the skies is the runway at Beirut Airport. The runway is now in fair shape thanks to ongoing maintenance operations that guarantee its operational integrity. The runway's durability, however, could be jeopardized by the airport's proximity to the shore and the difficult local climatic conditions, which include salt exposure and high temperatures. The runway's future usability and ability to serve as a vital hub for regional air traffic will depend on ongoing inspection and preventive maintenance.

Runway #1
Runway Dimensions	3,800x45 m
Orientation	North South
Surface	Concrete

Runway #2
Runway Dimensions	3,395 x45 m
Orientation	North South
Surface	Concrete

Runway #3
Runway Dimensions	3,250x60 m
Orientation	North South
Surface	Concrete

Helicopter Pad(s)

The helipad, which is conveniently located within the Beirut Airport complex, is a key hub for quick aerial connectivity. The helipad is currently in good working order thanks to regular maintenance. The helipad's small size and the rising demand for helicopter services, however, might make it difficult for it to be used in the future. As a result, it needs to be carefully managed so that it can handle rising traffic while maintaining safety standards.

Helipad #1
Present	Yes
Largest Helicopter that can Land	No restriction
Width and Length (m)	No limitation
Surface	Concrete

Airport Infrastructure Details

The airstrip at Beirut Airport is a crucial piece of infrastructure that supports the complex dance of aircraft movements. Runways, taxiways, aprons, and other crucial components are all included in the airfield. Currently, routine maintenance is performed on the airfield equipment to guarantee safe and effective operations. Carriers have, on occasion, expressed issues about parking availability during peak hours, which might cause brief delays. Apron areas will be expanded as part of measures to remedy this, improving the airport's ability to accommodate more aviation traffic. These planned upgrades are anticipated to reduce congestion problems and maximize the overall effectiveness of aircraft movements, enhancing the airport's standing as a significant regional hub.

Customs	Yes	JET A-1 fuel	Yes
Immigration	Yes	AVGAS 100	Yes
Terminal Building	Yes	Single Point Refueling	Yes
Passenger Terminal	Yes	Air Starter Units	Yes
Cargo terminal	Yes	Ground Power (mobile)	Yes
Pax Transport to Airfield	Yes	Ground Handling Services	Yes
Control Tower	Yes	Latrine Servicing	Yes
Weather Facilities	Yes	Fire Fighting Category (ICAO)	Yes
Catering Services	Yes	De-icing Equipment	Yes
Base Operating Room	Yes	Parking Ramp Lighting	Yes
Airport Radar	Yes	Approach & Runway Lights	Yes
NDB	Yes	VOR	Yes
ILS	Yes		Yes

Airport Operating Details

Operating Details
Maximum Sized Aircraft that can be Offloaded on Bulk Cargo	No limitation
Maximum Sized Aircraft that can be Offloaded on Pallet	No limitation
Total Aircraft Parking Area (m²)	n/a
Storage Area (m³and MT)	Import warehouse space 5000 m2 - Export warehouse space 650 m2: Six positions for pallets build-up-m3: n/a
Handling Equipment
Elevators / Hi Loaders	Yes	Max Capacity (MT)	n/a
Elevators / Hi Loaders	Yes	Max Height *(m)*	n/a
Loading Ramps	Yes
Other Comments	One of MEAG's main business operations is ramp handling, where they provide a full variety of aircraft services for all types of aircraft, including freighters. Baggage loading and unloading, mail and freight delivery, ULD storage facilities, pushback and towing, marshalling, water and sanitary services, ground power units, air starter units, air conditioning units, station control (Red Caps), load control (weight & balance, load sheet), and aircraft cabin cleaning are all included in the ramp services.

Customs Guidance

All UN agencies and foreign NGOs that are formally registered with the Lebanese government own a financial number provided by the Ministry of Finance, allowing them to be exempt from all customs, VAT, and entrance taxes at ports and borders, with the exception of the services costs that must be paid.

Storage Facilities

MEA (Middle East Airlines) offers a modern 2000 m², three-level warehouse accommodates customers’ imported cargo. E-Champ, and also MEA offers the following services:

Palletizing
Documentation
Inventory Control
Cargo Transport to /from aircraft
Dangerous goods handling
Live animal handling
Tracing
ULD build-up and breakdown
Freight storage services of all kinds
Courier and express services
Handling of valuable freight
Handling perishable good
Airfield Costs

NAVIGATION CHARGES

Charges	Aircraft Weight - MTOW (kg)
	0 - 7,000	7,001 - 136,000	136,001 and over
Navigation (per journey) USD - $	50$	100$	100$
Landing USD - $	4$/1000 Kg
Night Landing USD - $
Night Take-Off USD - $
Parking	Less than an hour 5750-from 1 h to 2 h:8500-less than a day:140000
Handling Charges	n/a

FUEL SERVICES CHARGES

Fuel services are essential to Lebanon's Beirut Airport's support of the aviation sector. Aircraft operators often pay fees for jet fuel (Jet A-1) and avgas based on the amount of fuel they require. The fees are frequently based on volume (liters or gallons) and are determined by current market rates. These rates may change depending on variables including regional supply dynamics and world oil prices.

Operators are only charged for the actual fuel that they take from the airport's fueling stations. The charges are then added up using the unit cost per liter or gallon, which is determined by the state of the market and governmental regulations. These fees cover the cost of the airport's fuel production, storage, transportation, and handling services. In order to properly manage their operational costs and flight planning, operators must be aware of these fees and the factors that affect them.

	Price per Litre USD - $
Jet A-1	3.12
Avgas	4

CARGO TERMINAL CHARGES

AIR-BRIDGE CHARGES

Airbridge fees are a crucial part of the aviation operational environment at Beirut Airport in Lebanon. Airlines that use the airport's boarding bridges for passenger boarding and landing are responsible for paying these fees. With a normal cost of 150,000 Lebanese pounds (or 100 USD) for each period of three hours or a fraction thereof, the fees are typically assessed on a time-based basis.

Based on how long an aircraft occupies an air bridge, airlines are charged for its use. The fees are designed to pay for the boarding bridges' upkeep, operation, and servicing, which are essential for a smooth and effective passenger boarding process. This pricing structure incentivizes airlines to make the best use of boarding bridges, aligning with operational effectiveness, and boosting the airport's revenue stream. When operating at Beirut Airport, airlines must take these fees into account when determining their operational costs.

Security

To protect the security of passengers and aviation operations, Beirut Airport's security procedures are of utmost importance. The airport uses a complex security architecture that includes access control, surveillance systems, passenger and bag screening, and stringent security procedures in line with global aviation security standards. The geopolitical tensions in the area have, however, occasionally presented the airport with difficulties that have necessitated the need for increased attention.

Ongoing efforts are being made to strengthen the current security apparatus in order to allay these worries. The implementation of cutting-edge screening technologies, thorough security staff training programs, and tight cooperation with international partners to exchange intelligence are all part of these measures. The objective is to strengthen the airport's security posture and guarantee a safe environment for all parties. Even though Beirut Airport's exact international rankings or security measures may vary, the ongoing improvement efforts reflect the airport's dedication to upholding international aviation security standards and protecting its reputation as a safe travel hub.

Lebanon - 2.3 Road Network

Road Network

There are over 8,000 kilometers of roads in Lebanon, and there is a highway system that connects it to Syria.

There are three important highways in the nation, all of which branch out from Beirut. The road leading to Tripoli, the second-largest city in Lebanon, is located to the north. This route also travels through important cities like Jouniyeh and Jubayl. The road to Damascus is located to the east, passing past the important town of Chtaura as it crosses the Lebanon Mountains. The route to Saida and Tyre is to the south. A second road axis connecting north and south in Lebanon follows the length of the Bekaa Valley.The large market towns of Baalbek and Zahle are connected to the main road network via roads in the northern valley, which intersect on the Beirut-Damascus highway at Chtaura. The local road system in the southern valley is centered on Chtaura, which is located at its northern end.

In times of conflict or bad weather, cross-mountain routes that connect the southern Bekaa Valley with Saida and the northern Bekaa Valley with Jouniyeh and Tripoli are crucial.

Despite the fact that 95% of the roads are paved, traffic is growing quite quickly. With one car for every three people, Lebanon now boasts one of the highest car-to-person ratios in the world.

The Ministry of Public Works and Transport in Lebanon, the main government agency, is divided into four directorates:

1) The Directorate General of Land and Maritime Transport, which is in charge of establishing, carrying out, and overseeing all regulations pertaining to land and maritime transportation

2) Directorate General of Roads and Buildings, which is in charge of creating, renovating, and maintaining public roads and official structures

3) Directorate General of Civil Aviation, which is in charge of establishing and carrying out national air transportation regulations in accordance with international regulations and managing air traffic over Lebanese territory.

4) Directorate General of Urban Planning, which is in charge of developing and implementing land use policy.

In addition, the Ministry of Public Works' Rehabilitation and Reconstruction and the Council of Development and Reconstruction (CDR) are in charge of building and maintaining Lebanon's roads.

Transport Corridors

Transport Corridors Lebanon and Syria are connected by three operational corridors. These passageways are:

1) The border crossing at Al Masnaa-Al-Jdeidah, located in eastern Lebanon, is 60 kilometers from Damascus and 110 kilometers from Beirut. The principal route between the capitals of Syria and Lebanon is this one.

2) The Al-Arida-Tartous border crossing (in Lebanon's northwest). This corridor, which is near the coast, is frequently used to transfer merchandise between Syria and Lebanon. On the Syrian side, it is 45 km away from Tartous, while on the Lebanese side, it is 170 km away from Beirut.

3) The border crossing at Al-Abboudiyeh and Al-Dabouseyah (in Lebanon's northeast). From the Syrian side, this corridor connects the Homs Governorate to Tripoli from the Lebanese side. It is frequently used for freight transportation, particularly for items going to Iraq in transit.

Heavy snowfall during the winter months has temporarily made it difficult to use the international roadway leading to the Lebanon-Syrai Al Masnaa Crossing in the Dahr al Baidar region. However, the Ministry of Public Works typically resolves this in little more than one day. The Beirut-Damascus highway has occasionally been shut down for security concerns, but overall it continues to be the most reliable route for travel between Lebanon and Syria.

For more information on government contact details, please see the following link: 4.1 Government Contact List.

Distance Matrix

Distances from Capital City to Major Towns (km)
	Beirut	Tripoli	Sidon	Batroun	Tyre	Aley	Chtaura	Halba(Akkar)
Beirut		84	46	56	88	14	40	114
Tripoli			130	33	175	92	86	30
Sidon				100	45	43	66	55
Batroun					147	63	65	63
Tyre						54	106	204
Aley							28	116
Chtaura								104
Halba(Akkar)

Travel Time from Capital City to Major Towns (KM)
	Beirut	Tripoli	Sidon	Batroun	Tyre	Aley	Chtaura	Halba(Akkar)
Beirut		1.5 h	45 min	1 h	1.5 h	15 min	45 min	2 h
Tripoli			2 h	30 min	2.5 h	1.5 h	1.5 h	30 min
Sidon				2 h	45 min	1 h	1 h	1 h
Batroun					2 h	1 h	1 h	1 h
Tyre						1 h	2 h	2.5 h
Aley							30 min	2 h
Chtaura								1.5 h
Halba(Akkar)

Road Security

Efforts to ensure the safety of motorists on the country's roads are currently met with a variety of obstacles in Lebanon. A complex security environment has developed in the nation as a result of its particular geopolitical status, occasionally affecting road safety. Armed checkpoints are common in Lebanon, and their maintenance by various security forces is a reflection of the country's larger security concerns. Although the main goal of these checkpoints is to maintain law and order, they can occasionally cause traffic jams and make other road users feel uneasy.

In addition, the state of road infrastructure and upkeep has been hampered by economic hardship and political unrest. Drivers now face additional dangers due to deteriorating roads, limited signage, and poor illumination. Road safety hazards may become worse if traffic laws and enforcement are inconsistent. Urban traffic congestion, particularly in Beirut, is a major problem that can lengthen travel times, aggravate other road users, and pose safety issues.

In response to these difficulties, attempts have been made to solve the problem of road security. Concerned people, advocacy groups, and non-governmental organizations have advocated for increased road safety education, stricter enforcement of traffic laws, and improvements in road infrastructure. Even while there has been progress, there are still continuous economic and political uncertainties that make it difficult to put in place comprehensive road safety measures. To guarantee the safety and security of drivers across Lebanon, these challenges must be addressed.

Weighbridges and Axle Load Limits

In Lebanon, weighbridges are essential for managing and regulating vehicle loads to maintain traffic safety and safeguard road infrastructure. Vehicles operating on the nation's highways must comply with particular load constraints stipulated by current rules. To monitor and enforce these load restrictions, weighbridges are strategically positioned at numerous locations, including busy highways and border crossings.

These laws are necessary to prevent overloading, which puts the environment and road safety at risk by causing excessive wear and tear on bridges, roads, and other infrastructure. Vehicles that are discovered to be heavier than the permitted limits may be subject to fines and penalties. Relevant agencies in charge of upholding these laws and ensuring compliance keep an eye on weighbridge operations.

Weighbridges support fair competition among transport companies, ensure the effectiveness of logistics operations, and help to maintain the integrity of the road system. Lebanon wants to improve traffic safety, reduce infrastructure damage, and build a more sustainable transportation system by banning heavy vehicles off the highways.

Axle Load Limits	Lebanon (Commercial)MT	Lebanon (Donations/Humanitarian) MT
Truck with 2 Axles	25	30
Truck with 3 Axles	35	40
Truck with 4 Axles	n/a	n/a
Semi-trailer with 3 Axles	n/a	n/a
Semi-trailer with 4 Axles	35	40
Semi-trailer with 6 Axles	n/a	n/a
Truck & Drawbar Trailer with 4 Axles	n/a	n/a
Truck & Drawbar Trailer with 5 Axles	n/a	n/a
Truck & Drawbar Trailer with 6 Axles	n/a	n/a
Truck & Drawbar Trailer with 7 Axles	n/a	n/a

Road Class and Surface Conditions

From	To	International Road No.	Distance in km	Road condition & environment
From	To	International Road No.	Distance in km	No of. Lanes	Age	Environment
Dabousseyah cross border (Syria-Lebanon)	Aboudeyah cross border (Lebanon-Syria)	M51	18	2	>20	Coastal
Aboudeyah cross border (Lebanon-Syria)	Tripoli	M51	5	2	>25	Coastal
Tripoli	Beirut	M51	83	4 (Note: 2 and 3 lanes at some points)	>20	Coastal
Beirut	Al-Naqoora	M51	104	3 (and 2 lanes before Tyre until Naqoura)	>20	Coastal
Jedeidah cross border (Syria-Lebanon	Al-MassnaÃ¡ cross border (Lebanon-Syria)	M30	6	2 lanes each side	>20	Mountainous
Al-Masnaa cross border (Lebanon-Syria)	Beirut	M30	53	4	>25	Mountainous
Total Lebanon International Road Distance	269 km

Road Inventory

Classification	Width/meter	Length/ km
International Roads	10/14	269
Primary Roads (highways)	10/14	261
Primary Roads	10/8	1650
Secondary Roads	5/8	1340
Local Roads	4/6	2810
Total	6,330 km

Lebanon - 2.3.1. Land Border Crossing Al Masnaa

Border Crossing of Al Masnaa

Overview

The border crossing at Al Masnaa-Al-Jdeidah (Jdeidet Yabous), located in the eastern region of Lebanon, specifically in the Bekaa Valley. It is 55 kilometers from Damascus, 137 km from Tripoli, and 61 kilometers from Beirut. It serves as a crucial link between Lebanon and Syria as it is considered the principal route between the capitals of Syria and Lebanon.

It facilitates trade, commerce, and the movement of people between the two countries.

The border crossing is equipped with facilities for customs, immigration, and security checks. It caters to various types of traffic, including vehicles, pedestrians, and commercial transport.

Al Masnaa plays a vital role in enabling trade, tourism, and humanitarian aid to pass between Lebanon and Syria.

Border Crossing Location and Contact
Name of Border Crossing	Lebanon: Al Masnaa Syria:Jdeidet Yabous
Province or District	Est,Bekaa
Nearest Town or City with Distance from Border Crossing	Al Masnaa
Latitude	33.42.08 N
Longitude	35.55.18 E
Managing Authority / Agency	Custom and General Security
Contact Person

Travel Times
Nearest International Airport	Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport 60 Km Truck Travel Time: 4 h Car Travel time: 1.30/2 h
Nearest Port	Beirut Port 61 km Truck Travel Time: 4 h Car Travel time: 2 h
Nearest location with functioning wholesale markets, or with significant manufacturing or production capacity	Zahle 21 km Truck Travel Time: 45 min/ 1 h Car Travel time: 30 min
Other Information	There is a global highway along the path.

Hours of Operation
Mondays	From 8 h to 17 h
Tuesdays	From 8 h to 17 h
Wednesdays	From 8 h to 17 h
Thursdays	From 8 h to 17 h
Fridays	No operation from Syria side-From 8 h to 17 h Lebanon Side
Saturdays	From 8 h to 17 h
Sundays	No operation from Syria side-From 8 h to 17 h Lebanon Side
National Holidays	No operation.
Seasonal Constraints	Heavy snowfall during the winter months has temporarily made it difficult to access the international highway leading to the Lebanon-Syria Al Masnaa Crossing in the Dahr al Baidar region. The Ministry of Public Works and Civil Defense often resolve this within a day at most. The Beirut-Damascus highway has occasionally been shut down for security concerns, but overall it continues to be the most reliable route for travel between Lebanon and Syria.

Daily Capacity

A separate lane is given for private vehicles,

Customs Clearance

All trucks are checked upon entry into the country by scanners, bomb detectors, and inspectors from the authorities.

Lebanon - 2.3.2 Land Border Crossing Al Arida

Border Crossing of Al Arida

Overview

Transport Corridors

The Al Arida border crossing is in the northern part of Lebanon, near the town of Arida in the Akkar Governorate. It is situated on the border with Syria.

Al Arida is one of the major land border crossings between Lebanon and Syria. It plays a crucial role in facilitating trade, commerce, and the movement of people between the two countries.

This corridor, which is near the coast, is frequently used to transfer merchandise between Syria and Lebanon. On the Syrian side, it is 32 km away from Tartous, while on the Lebanese side, it is 31 km from Tripoli, and 113 km away from Beirut.

Border Crossing Location and Contact
Name of Border Crossing	Lebanon: Al Arida Syria:Al Arida
Province or District	North
Nearest Town or City with Distance from Border Crossing	Al Arida
Latitude	34.37.59 N
Longitude	35.58.34 E
Managing Authority / Agency	Custom and General Security
Contact Person

Travel Times
Nearest International Airport	Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport 113 Km Truck Travel Time: 4 h Car Travel time: 3 h
Nearest Port	Beirut Port 65 km Truck Travel Time: 4 h Car Travel time: 2 h
Nearest location with functioning wholesale markets, or with significant manufacturing or production capacity	Tripoli 30 km Truck Travel Time: 45 min/ 1 h Car Travel time: 30 min
Other Information	There is a global highway along the path.

Hours of Operation
Mondays	From 8 h to 17 h
Tuesdays	From 8 h to 17 h
Wednesdays	From 8 h to 17 h
Thursdays	From 8 h to 17 h
Fridays	No operation from Syria side-From 8 h to 17 h Lebanon Side
Saturdays	From 8 h to 17 h
Sundays	No operation from Syria side-From 8 h to 17 h Lebanon Side
National Holidays	No operation.
Seasonal Constraints	N/A

Daily Capacity

A separate lane is given for private vehicles,

Customs Clearance

All trucks are checked upon entry into the country by scanners, bomb detectors, and inspectors from the authorities.

Lebanon - 2.3.3 Land Border Crossing Aboudiyeh

Border Crossing of Aboudiyeh

Overview

Transport Corridors

The Al-Abboudieh border crossing is in the northern part of Lebanon, specifically in the Akkar Governorate. It sits on the border with Syria.

The Al-Abboudieh border crossing serves as a gateway for various activities, including trade, tourism, and humanitarian aid. It is frequently used for freight transportation, particularly for items going to Iraq in transit.

From the Syrian side, this corridor connects the Homs Governorate to Tripoli from the Lebanese side.

It is 61 km away from Homs in Syria, while on the Lebanese side, it is 37 km away from Tripoli and 120 km away from Beirut.

Border Crossing Location and Contact
Name of Border Crossing	Lebanon: Aboudieh Syria: Addabousiah
Province or District	North,Akkar
Nearest Town or City with Distance from Border Crossing	Aboudieh
Latitude	34.38.19 N
Longitude	36.07.09 E
Managing Authority / Agency	Customs and General Security
Contact Person

Travel Times
Nearest International Airport	Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport 127 Km Truck Travel Time: 6 h Car Travel time: 3 / 4 h
Nearest Port	Tripoli Port 37 km Truck Travel Time: 3 h Car Travel time: 1.5 h
Nearest location with functioning wholesale markets, or with significant manufacturing or production capacity	Tripoli area 38 km Truck Travel Time: 3 h Car Travel time: 1 / 1.30 min
Other Information	There is a global highway along the path.

Hours of Operation
Mondays	From 8 h to 17 h
Tuesdays	From 8 h to 17 h
Wednesdays	From 8 h to 17 h
Thursdays	From 8 h to 17 h
Fridays	No operation from Syria side-From 8 h to 17 h Lebanon Side
Saturdays	From 8 h to 17 h
Sundays	No operation from Syria side-From 8 h to 17 h Lebanon Side
National Holidays	No operation.
Seasonal Constraints	N/A

Daily Capacity

A separate lane is given for private vehicles,

Customs Clearance

All trucks are checked upon entry into the country by scanners, bomb detectors, and inspectors from the authorities.

Lebanon - 2.3.4 Land Border Crossing of Ras Al Naqoura (Rosh HaNikra)

Border Crossing of Ras Al Naqoura (Rosh HaNikra)

Overview

At the border between Naqoura, Lebanon, and Rosh HaNikra, Israel, lies the Rosh Hanikra Crossing. This terminal is exclusively managed by the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).

Access for ordinary tourists and visitors is strictly prohibited. Civilians cannot enter an area within 4 km (2.5 miles) of the shared border with Lebanon.

As it is not possible to enter Lebanon from the country's southern border with Israel, your only option to enter Lebanon by land is from its northeastern neighbour, Syria.

Border Crossing Location and Contact
Name of Border Crossing	Lebanon: Ras Al Naqoura Israel: Rosh HaNikra
Province or District	Al Naqoura - South
Nearest Town or City with Distance from Border Crossing	Naqoura
Latitude	33°05′39″N
Longitude	35°06′17″E
Managing Authority / Agency	IDF, UNIFIL
Contact Person

Travel Times
Nearest International Airport	Beirut Rafik Hariri Int. Airport (108 KM)
Nearest Port	Beirut Port 142 km Truck Travel Time: 3-4 h Car Travel time: 2 h
Nearest location with functioning wholesale markets, or with significant manufacturing or production capacity	Tyre (known as Sour) 45 km Truck Travel Time: 60 min Car Travel time: 40 min
Other Information	N/A

Hours of Operation
Mondays	N/A
Tuesdays	N/A
Wednesdays	N/A
Thursdays	N/A
Fridays	N/A
Saturdays	N/A
Sundays	N/A
National Holidays	N/A
Seasonal Constraints	No info as the border is not functioning for passenger crossing or cargo movement.* *Due to escalations in Israel/Lebanon from the 7th of October 2023 attacks and the ongoing conflict in the Gaza Strip, the border will remain closed for the foreseeable future.

Daily Capacity

No info as the border is not functioning for tourism or cargo movement.

Customs Clearance

No customs at the border as no cargo/freight can pass through this border.

Lebanon - 3 Logistics Services

Services and Supply

In Lebanon, the quality and availability of services and supplies can vary across sectors, and both the government and private companies play roles in supporting specific sectors.

Government and Private Sector Support: The government and private companies both contribute to supporting various sectors in Lebanon. The government plays a crucial role in sectors such as healthcare, education, infrastructure, and utilities. It provides public services and infrastructure development, although the quality and availability of these services can be affected by economic challenges and political instability. The private sector, on the other hand, drives growth in industries such as finance, tourism, telecommunications, and retail, offering a wide range of services and supplies to the public.

Geographic Development in the Service Sector: The service sector in Lebanon is not limited to a specific geographic area but is relatively concentrated in urban centers, particularly Beirut. Beirut serves as the primary hub for various service industries, including finance, hospitality, and professional services. However, other regions of Lebanon also offer local services and support their respective communities based on local needs and resources.

Supply Issues: Lebanon has experienced supply issues throughout its history, and there have been instances of shortages and disruptions in essential supplies, particularly during periods of political unrest or economic crises. Factors such as political instability, economic challenges, and external shocks have at times affected the availability and affordability of goods and services. In recent years, Lebanon has faced significant economic difficulties, including currency devaluation, inflation, and shortages of vital commodities, which have impacted the overall supply chain and access to necessities such as food, medicines, and fuel.

For nearly three years, Lebanon has been assailed by the most devastating, multi-pronged crisis in its modern history. The unfolding economic and financial crisis that started in October 2019 has been further exacerbated by the dual economic impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and the massive Port of Beirut explosion in August 2020.

Of the three crises, the economic crisis has had by far the largest (and most persistent) negative impact. The Spring 2021 Lebanon Economic Monitor found that Lebanon’s economic and financial crisis ranks among the worst economic crises globally since the mid-nineteenth century. GDP per capita dropped by 36.5% between 2019 and 2021, and Lebanon was reclassified by the World Bank as a lower-middle-income country, down from upper-middle-income status in July 2022. Lebanon has witnessed a dramatic collapse in basic services, driven by depleting foreign exchange (FX) reserves since the onset of the compounded crisis. Severe shortages of fuel items resulted in the national electric grid experiencing more than eight rolling blackouts as public electricity supply averages one to two hours per day. Fuel shortages have also hindered access to healthcare and clean water, while food supply shops, transport service providers, and telecom network operators face severe disruptions to their supply chains. Lebanon has also had to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic through intermittent lockdowns and other measures to mitigate the impact of the virus both on people and on the already weak health system. Vaccination, launched in February 2021 with initial financing from the World Bank, progressed according to the National COVID-19 Deployment and Vaccination Plan, with the aim to vaccinate 70% of the total population, citizens, and non-citizens, in a multi-phase rollout by the end of 2022.

Lebanon - 3.1 Lebanon Fuel

Fuel Overview

In Lebanon, fuel is provided by private companies. Currently, there are no supply constraints. Fuel is primarily imported into Lebanon from neighbouring Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, Turkey, and others.

For more information on government and fuel provider contact details, please see the following links: 4.1 Government Contact List and 4.7 Fuel Providers Contact List.

Information may also be found at: http://www.mytravelcost.com/petrol-prices/ which is updated monthly.

Fuel Pricing

The Lebanese governments directly controls fuel prices through the Ministry of Energy and regulatory bodies, and it issue weekly updated prices for all fuel products. In 2021, the Central Bank of Lebanon lifted all subsidies on fuel products.

Fuel Prices per Litre as of: 14 Jul 2023 *(Local currency and* *USD - $*)
Petrol	98 Octane: 81,250 LBP / 0.89 USD 95 Octane: 83,300 LBP / 0.92 USD
Diesel	70,950 LBP / 0.78 USD
Paraffin	N/A
Jet A-1	N/A

Seasonal Variations

Seasonal Variations
Are there national priorities in the availability of fuel? (i.e. are there restrictions or priorities for the provision of fuel such as to the military?)	Yes
Is there a rationing system?	No
Is fuel to lower income / vulnerable groups subsidized?	No
Can the local industry expand fuel supply to meet humanitarian needs?	Yes
Is it possible for a humanitarian organization to directly contract a reputable supplier / distributor to provide its fuel needs?	Yes

Fuel Transportation

Fuel transport is carried out via fuel tankers owned by private companies. Current capacity is sufficient for local needs, as well as potential increases in demand from the humanitarian community. In case of an emergency/conflict the main challenge would be to maintain a supply route via air/sea as the country is a net fuel importer.

Standards, Quality and Testing

The Industrial Research Institute (IRI) situated in Baabda, was established in 1953 and is an internationally accredited Lebanese institution for studies, industrial research, and scientific testing and analysis.

The Institute operates laboratories and scientific equipment in fields including Petroleum and Derivatives, Physical Chemistry, Water, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Metrology and Calibration, and others

Industry Control Measures
Do tanks have adequate protection against water mixing with the fuel?	Yes
Are there filters in the system which monitor where fuel is loaded into aircraft?	Yes
Is there adequate epoxy coating of tanks on trucks?	Yes
Is there a presence of suitable firefighting equipment?	Yes

Standards Authority

Is there a national or regional standards authority?

Yes

If yes, please identify the appropriate national and/or regional authority.

National: Fuel Quality Testing Laboratory – Industrial Research Institute (IRI)

If yes, are the standards adequate/properly enforced?

Yes

Testing Laboratories
Are there national testing laboratories?	Yes

Fuel Quality Testing Laboratory
Company	Fuel Quality Testing Laboratory – Industrial Research Institute (IRI)
Name	IRI Building
Address	Lebanese University Campus Hadath (Baabda), Lebanon
Telephone and Fax	PABX / Fax: +961 (5) 467831
Contact	pr@iri.org.lb The Industrial Research Institute http://www.iri.org.lb/about-us.html

Disclaimer: Inclusion of company information in the LCA does not imply any business relationship between the supplier and WFP / Logistics Cluster, and is used solely as a determinant of services, and capacities.

Please note: WFP / Logistics Cluster maintain complete impartiality and are not in a position to endorse, comment on any company's suitability as a reputable service provider.

Lebanon - 3.2 Transporters

Transporters

The road transport market in Lebanon plays a crucial role in the country's economy and daily life, connecting cities, towns, and rural areas. However, it faces a range of challenges that impact its efficiency and development. This brief provides an overview of the operators' scale and the current state of the road transport market in Lebanon, highlighting both the challenges and opportunities it presents. The total number of operators in Lebanon is 11,466 ranging between registered trucks for local transportation and for export purposes.

Challenges Faced within this sector include the following:

Inadequate Maintenance: The lack of consistent maintenance and repair has led to the deterioration of road infrastructure. Potholes, crumbling bridges, and inadequate road signage pose safety risks to drivers and pedestrians.

Economic Factors: The country's economic challenges, including inflation and currency devaluation, impact vehicle prices and especially fuel costs.

Absence of Public Transportation: The absence of an efficient and comprehensive public transportation system in Lebanon is a significant challenge and it has contributed to the current congestion, pollution, and inefficiencies in road transport.

It is important to highlight that until now, the current capacity meets domestic needs and the market's capacity to accommodate an arrival in demand from the humanitarian community especially since foreign operators (non-Lebanese) are not allowed to operate domestically in Lebanon however, they are allowed to deliver the imported goods at the agreed destination but to ensure to return empty.

Transport Capacity Summary
Regions Covered	All Routes in Lebanon
	Number of Vehicles	Capacity per Vehicle (MT)	Comments / Condition of Vehicles
Vehicle Type	Small Tanker	=< 3.5 MT	11
	Tanker	>3.5 MT	1470
	Bus		2001
	Taxi		32825
	Small Truck	=< 3.5 MT	489
	Truck	>3.5 MT	7678
	Small Fridge	<=3.5MT	18
	Fridge	>3.5	30
	Minibus		4078
Total Capacity

Source: http://www.transportation.gov.lb/ar/home

Lebanon - 3.3 Manual Labour

Manual Labour

It can be hard these days to keep up with everything that’s happening in Lebanon: the staggering inflation rates, the wheat and fuel shortages, the increasing poverty levels, and the stalling Beirut Port blast investigation...

Manual labour is utilized across multiple sectors in Lebanon, including construction, agriculture, manufacturing, services, and domestic work. It involves physical tasks that require human effort and skill, such as construction work, farming, carpentry, plumbing, cleaning, and other manual tasks.

National Legislation: Lebanon has various labour laws and regulations in place to protect workers' rights, including those engaged in manual labour. The Labour Law governs employment relationships, working conditions, wages, working hours, and other labour-related matters. The law sets standards for employment contracts, overtime, leave entitlements, and occupational health and safety. It aims to ensure fair treatment, safety, and decent working conditions for all workers, including manual labourers.

Role of Unions: Labour unions in Lebanon play a significant role in representing workers' rights, including manual labourers. Unions advocate for improved working conditions, fair wages, and social benefits. They negotiate with employers on behalf of their members, provide support, and participate in collective bargaining processes to secure better working conditions and benefits.

Cost Incentives: The cost of manual labour in Lebanon is influenced by various factors, including minimum wage laws, collective bargaining agreements, and market demand. Organizations may consider employing manual labour for certain tasks due to the availability of skilled or semi-skilled workers, cost considerations, or specific requirements of the job.

Common Areas of Work: Manual labour is commonly found in construction and infrastructure projects, agriculture and farming, manufacturing and industrial processes, hospitality and tourism sectors, domestic services, and small-scale enterprises. These areas of work often require physical labour and hands-on skills.

Availability of Manual Labour: Lebanon has a relatively abundant supply of manual labour due to its demographic structure and the presence of migrant workers from various countries. Many individuals, both Lebanese citizens and foreign workers, engage in manual labour as a means of employment.

Common Issues: Organizations in Lebanon may face challenges related to manual labour, including compliance with labour regulations, ensuring fair working conditions, providing appropriate training and safety measures, and addressing issues related to migrant workers' rights. Additionally, fluctuating economic conditions, political instability, and changes in labour market dynamics can impact the availability and stability of manual labour.

In May 2023, the public sector monthly minimum wage has been increased fourfold to reach 9 million Lebanese pounds (around $92 at the black-market rate), from 2.6 million Lebanese pounds (about $27).

Labour Rate(s) Overview
	Cost (Local Currency & USD - $)	Rate as of MMM YY
Daily General Worker (Unskilled casual labour)	10 USD	January 2023
Daily General Worker (Semi-skilled labour)	20 USD	January 2023
Skilled Worker	50 USD	January 2023

Lebanon - 3.4 Telecommunications

Telecommunications

Lebanon has two mobile operators which are government controlled under a monopolistic arrangement. The government pays a management fee to Alfa and MTC Touch who operate the mobile networks on behalf of the government. Fixed line telephony services are owned and operated by the government-owned operator, Ogero. The conflict in Syria and deterioration in Lebanon’s security have put on hold many of the government’s deregulation plans.

The internet backbone network in Lebanon is owned and operated by the government-owned operator, Ogero. A significant number of ISPs operate in the country and offer internet access via ADSL, fibre, WiMAX, WI-FI and other technologies. The government’s monopoly over the internet backbone in the country allows it to tightly control the activity of ISPs.

Mobile broadband remains the most popular internet access method and both mobile operators now offer 4G services, Alfa and Touch have commercial 3.9G & 4G LTE data services in many regions in Lebanon (mostly dense urban regions) starting May 2013.

As part of Lebanon Broadband 2020 plan, Full LTE 4G Coverage is expected in 2 Years. The large volume of mobile internet users places significant pressure on telecommunications infrastructure often resulting in slow speeds and poor performance of the network. The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) regulates the country's telecommunication sector.

Telephone Services
Is there an existing landline telephone network?	Yes (For new buildings, landlines must be requested – Approximate waiting time for installation: Two weeks)
Does it allow international calls?	Yes
Number and Length of Downtime Periods (on average)	NA
Mobile Phone Providers	1) MTC Touch 2) Alfa
Approximate Percentage of National Coverage	98.1 %

Telecommunications Regulations

The Lebanese telecommunications market is highly regulated. The country’s two mobile networks are government controlled under a monopolistic arrangement. The conflict in Syria and deterioration in Lebanon’s security have put on hold many of the government’s deregulation plans. In addition, the government’s monopoly over the internet backbone in the country allows it to tightly control the activity of ISPs. The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) regulates the country's telecommunication sector.

Regulations on Usage and Import
	Regulations in Place?	Regulating Authority
Satellite	Yes	TRA
HF Radio	Yes	TRA
UHF/VHF/HF Radio: Handheld, Base and Mobile	Yes	TRA
UHF/VHF Repeaters	Yes	TRA
GPS	Yes	TRA
VSAT	Yes	TRA
Individual Network Operator Licenses Required
Yes. To use radio, VSAT and satellite phones in country censing/government permission is required.
Frequency Licenses Required
Yes. requests to TRA for frequency licenses are required for VSAT and radio.

Existing Humanitarian Telecoms Systems

From the perspective of radio network coverage, Lebanon is split into two regions 1) North of Litany River (NLR) and 2) South Litany River (SLR).

UNDSS manages the network in the NLR region of Lebanon. The UNDSS radio network in NLR is an analogue VHF network which is made up of 8 repeaters covering a broad area. UNDSS provides radio programming services to other UN agencies. The radio network is only available to UN agencies, not NGOs. In 2013, ETC worked closely with UNDSS on a major upgrade to the VHF radio network in NLR to support the humanitarian community working for the Syrian operation.

UNIFIL manages the network in the SLR region of the country. In mid-2014 UNIFIL migrated from analogue to a fully digital VHF radio network. At the request of UN agencies who were using UNIFIL’s analogue network, UNIFIL reactivated some analogue repeaters in SLR to reinstate analogue radio coverage to non-UNIFIL agencies working in SLR. In parallel, UNIFIL are preparing a digital programming file (code plug) to allow non-UNIFIL agencies to access UNIFIL’s digital network (provided they have the correct digital radio devices).

Lebanon - 3.5 Food and Additional Suppliers

Food and Additional Suppliers

Lebanon's ability to procure and rely on local produce has been influenced by a combination of factors including its geography, climate, agricultural practices, economic conditions, and historical development. Historically, Lebanon has had a strong agricultural sector, but in recent years, there have been challenges that have impacted its ability to fully rely on local produce. Here's an overview:

Challenges:

Imports and Market Access: In recent years, Lebanon has become increasingly reliant on imported goods, including food products. Imported goods can sometimes be cheaper due to economies of scale, impacting the competitiveness of local produce.
Agricultural Modernization: Traditional agricultural practices, while valuable, might not always align with modern efficiency and productivity standards. Lack of access to modern technologies and farming methods can limit the sector's growth.
Political and Economic Instability: Periods of political instability, conflict, and economic challenges have affected investment in the agricultural sector and the overall ability to produce and distribute local goods.
Water Scarcity: Despite its relatively diverse climate, Lebanon faces water scarcity issues, which can impact agricultural production. Mismanagement of water resources can further exacerbate this challenge.

The food supply market in Lebanon has historically been competitive due to the country's diverse cuisine, the importance of food in its culture, and the presence of various local and international food suppliers. The market encompasses a wide range of products, from fresh produce to packaged goods, and includes both local and imported options. Supermarkets, grocery stores, food distributors, wholesalers, and even small traditional markets contribute to the competitive landscape.

Lebanon's ability to meet food demand has faced challenges due to several factors:

Import Dependency: Lebanon heavily relies on food imports to meet its domestic demand. This dependency makes the country vulnerable to disruptions in global supply chains, currency fluctuations, and international trade dynamics.
Economic Challenges: Economic difficulties, including currency devaluation and inflation, can impact the affordability of imported goods, affecting the accessibility of certain food products for the population.
Infrastructure and Distribution: Issues related to infrastructure, storage facilities, and transportation can hinder the efficient distribution of food products across the country.
Agricultural Constraints: Despite its agricultural potential, Lebanon's agricultural sector faces challenges such as limited arable land, water scarcity, and outdated farming practices, which can affect domestic production levels.

Lebanon is heavily reliant on imports to meet its domestic needs, partly due to the country's limited natural resources and industrial capacities. Key imported goods include:

Food Products: Grains, meat, dairy products, and processed foods.

Lebanon's export sector is relatively small compared to its imports, and its exports in Food Industry include:

Agricultural Products: fruits, vegetables, nuts, and wine, benefiting from its Mediterranean climate and fertile land.
Food Processing: Olive oil, processed foods, and dairy products are being produced for both domestic consumption and export.

It's important to note that Lebanon's manufacturing and production capacities have been affected by economic challenges, political instability, and regional conflicts. The country's ability to fully leverage these capacities is contingent on addressing these challenges and creating a conducive environment for economic growth and stability.

Lebanon - 3.5.1 Food Suppliers

Overview

In Lebanon, where food should be available, there are obstacles for food manufacturers and retailers. The economy isn't steady because of economic and financial problems and political issues, which makes it tough for food producers to keep their prices reasonable. They also have trouble getting all the things they need to make food because the situation makes it hard to find ingredients. This makes it tricky for the people who sell food in large amounts (wholesalers) because they can't always get what they want. Even moving the food around using trucks and roads isn't working well anymore because things aren't being maintained properly. It's difficult, but even with all these problems, the people in the food industry are doing their best to keep Lebanon's food going despite the challenges this sector is facing,

At a wider level, the availability of various food commodities in Lebanon is influenced by both domestic production and international trade partnerships. In terms of ready-to-eat foods, these include a range of packaged and processed foods that cater to convenience. Importation of such products is substantial, with a mix of international sources being key trading partners.

Cereals, pulses, oil, and sugar form the core of dietary staples. Cereals like wheat and rice, along with pulses such as lentils and chickpeas, constitute significant dietary components. Oil, often derived from sources like olives and vegetables, is a crucial ingredient in Lebanese cuisine. The availability of these commodities is affected by domestic production capacities, which can be influenced by factors like weather and agriculture policies. Additionally, Lebanon may engage in international trade for these commodities to fulfil demand and manage supply shortages.

Live animals, meat, and dairy products play a central role in Lebanese cuisine. The local production of livestock, including poultry, sheep, and cattle, contributes to the availability of meat and dairy. However, fluctuations in these sectors are also subject to factors like disease outbreaks and environmental conditions. Imports might supplement domestic supply, especially for specific cuts and varieties not produced locally. Main trading partners for such imports could include neighbouring countries and larger international markets.

In the context of Lebanon's intricate food system, the availability of these commodities is intertwined with both domestic production capabilities and international trade dynamics. Challenges ranging from economic instability to supply chain disruptions can impact this delicate balance, ultimately affecting the accessibility of essential food items across national and district levels.

Retail Sector

The retail sector in Lebanon showcases a blend of both established local players and international retailers. While local retailers hold a significant presence, major regional and global retail chains have also entered the market, offering a diverse range of products to consumers. These retailers often have well-established relationships with national and regional wholesalers, facilitating the distribution of goods to their stores. Despite the challenges faced by Lebanon's economy, the retail sector has exhibited resilience, with established retailers demonstrating stability and continuing operations. While the country's economic environment may present hurdles, the retail sector does make use of credit systems to some extent, aiming to provide consumers with purchasing flexibility and support in the face of economic fluctuations. The coexistence of local and international retailers, coupled with stable retail operations and credit mechanisms, paints a complex picture of the retail landscape within the nation.

Types of Retailers Available
Type of Retailer	Rank (1-5)
Supermarket – concentrates mainly in supplying a range of food, beverage, cleaning and sanitation products; have significant purchasing power; are often part of national/regional/global chains.	1
Convenience Store/Mini Market – medium sized shop; offers a more limited range of products than supermarkets; usually has good/stable purchasing power; may be part of chain or cooperative.	2
Permanent shop with strong supply capacity – individually/family owned store; usually offers fewer commodities and a limited selection of brands; good storage and reliable supply options.	3
Permanent shop with limited supply capacity – individually/family owned store; offers fewer commodities and a limited selection of brands; limited storage and unstable supply options.	4
Mobile Shop/Market Stand – individually/family owned store; usually offers fewer commodities and a limited selection of brands; may be found at outdoor markets, camps or unstable environments.	5

Wholesale – Zein J. Harb S.A.L

Zein J.Harb was established in April 1999, they are a food supplier they are considered a retailer since they procure their goods from local and international markets, some of the products is ready to be distributed in the market such as canned food, and the other part is usually re-bagged in their premises. They have a local affiliation with a sister company called Alfa Interfood SAL, both are under the umbrella of Harb Holding International Company SAL.

Supplier Overview
Company Name	Zein J. Harb & Partners S.A.L
Address	Haret Hreik, Mouawad District, Nahle Bldg, Beirut Lebanon
Does the supplier have its own production/manufacturing capacity?	No, the supplier is only a wholesale retailer
Does the supplier have its own retail capacity?	No, the supplier is only a wholesaler, they only distribute to markets
Does the supplier have its own transport capacity?	Yes
Does the supplier have its own storage facilities?	Yes
Approximate Turnover in MT	90 MT Per Day
Payment Methods Accepted	Cash, Bank transfers.
Other Comments or Key Information	NA

Other Locations
Region(s)	Service Location(s)
Bekaa	Masnaa

Primary Goods / Commodities Available
Commodities by Type** (SITC Rev 4 Division Code - Title)		Comments
00 - Live animals (other than fish, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.)	No	Indicate in this column if goods are imported or produced/manufactured locally; any seasonal variations in stocks, or other limitations on availability.
01 - Meat and meat preparations	No
02 - Dairy products and birds’ eggs	No
03 - Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs…	No
04 - Cereals and cereal preparations	rice, flour, pasta.	imported
05 - Vegetables and fruit	No
06 - Sugars, sugar preparations and honey	sugars	Imported
07 - Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices and manufactures thereof	TEA	Imported
09 - Miscellaneous edible products and preparations	No
41 - Animal oils and fats	No
42/43 - Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated	vegetable oil	Imported

Lebanon - 3.5.2 Additional Suppliers

Overview

In general, operational support equipment is in good supply in local markets. Construction equipment (water pipes, pumps etc) is available (mostly imported). Plastic water tanks are locally produced.

Potable water is generally available via the public water network, however Beirut city often faces water shortages during the summer season (July to October) due to lower rainfall. Private water tankers fill the gap during this time, at roughly 15-20 USD (22,500 to 30,000 Lebanese Pounds) per 1,000 litres of water.

Tents are produced locally and also imported. In most cases, tent tarpaulins are imported, while the other parts (structure, frame etc) are produced locally.

ICT equipment including laptops, scanners, printers, etc. are widely available in the local market. However, in some cases, specific equipment which is not common in Lebanon, will require importation (e.g., Specific server equipment, large-scale map plotters etc.).

Lebanon - 3.6 Additional Services

4.11 Lebanon Additional Service Provision Contact List

Vehicle Rental

There are plenty of reliable vehicle rental companies in the country. The most known ones can be found in the contact list given above.

Taxi Companies

There are plenty of reliable taxi companies in the country. Contact details of a couple of them can be found in the contact list given above.

Freight Forwarding Agents

There are hundreds of freight forwarding agents in Lebanon. Contact details of various ones can be found in the contact list given above.

Handling Equipment

For a list of handling equipment providers, please select the contact list given above.

Electricity and Power

Lebanon is a net energy importer (about 87% of power is imported), with little hydrocarbon base to speak of, although it hopes that planned exploration efforts in the Mediterranean offshore area will prove successful.

For further contact information on the Electricity Authority of Lebanon, Electricity Generation, Supply Electricity and Power Stability, please select the following document:

Lebanon Additional Service Providers Additional Information

For a list of private producers of electricity, please select the following document:

Private Producers of Electricity

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

As of 2009, Lebanon has 950000 internet users or 24% of the population

Internet Service Providers
Are there ISPs available? (Yes / No)	Yes
Private or Government	n/a
Dial-up only (Yes / No)	n/a
Approximate Rates	Dial-up:	Dialup services cost around USD7 a month but users have to pay for the cost of phone communication.
Approximate Rates	Broadband:	The prices for ADSL varies depending on the DSP but typically cost from USD19/month (128 kpbs) to 70USD/month (1 Mbit/s). Ogero also gives HDSL: a 2.3 Mbit/s account for the download and upload traffic with an 8 GB/month limitation for 200USD/month.
Max leasable ‘dedicated’ bandwidth	see above

Further information on ISP Names and Approximate Rates for Broadband can be found in the following document:

Lebanon Additional Service Providers Additional Information

Lebanon - 3.7 Waste Management Infrastructure Assessment

Overview

In Lebanon, handling and managing waste has long been a problem. The nation has suffered from a weak waste management system, which has resulted in several environmental and health problems. The historic garbage crisis of 2015 revealed the severity of the issue in and around the capital city of Beirut, where the situation was extremely bad. Landfills were overflowing, and a thorough recycling system was lacking.

The improvement of Lebanon's waste management procedures has received some assistance from international organizations and funders, but it has been difficult to make consistent progress. A multifaceted strategy comprising government commitment, community involvement, infrastructure investment, and public awareness campaigns is needed to resolve the trash challenge.

Waste collected as below:

Municipal Collection: Waste collection in urban areas was the responsibility of the municipalities. They frequently entered into agreements with private businesses to offer collection services. This required setting up trash cans in different communities so that locals could dispose of their trash. The trash from these containers would then be collected by collection trucks from private businesses or by municipal staff along predetermined routes.

Skip System: The "skip system" was widely employed, in which big containers called "skips" or "dumpsters" were positioned in strategic spots around neighborhoods. These containers would receive household garbage from the locals. The skips would then be regularly emptied by collection trucks.

What are the country's regulations about waste management and recycling (Provide legislation details and/or website/contact information for government bodies regulating waste management in the country)? Provide details of the government bodies responsible for waste management, regardless of the status.

Here is a quick summary:

1. Solid Waste Management Law 444/2002 The legal foundation for Lebanon's solid waste management is laid out in this statute. It includes a variety of topics, such as municipal obligations, trash transportation and collection, and the construction of facilities for the treatment and disposal of waste.

2. Environmental Protection Law 8/1998: This law establishes the framework for environmental protection in Lebanon. It covers a wide range of environmental issues, such as pollution control and waste management.

3. Ministry of Environment (MoE): The major government agency in charge of environmental matters in Lebanon is the Ministry of Environment. They keep an eye on rules and laws governing trash management and advocate environmentally friendly disposal methods. (https://www.moe.gov.lb/)

4. National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS): The CNRS is involved in research and the formulation of regulations pertaining to recycling and garbage management. To address environmental challenges, they work with numerous parties.

5. The Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR) is involved in building Lebanon's infrastructure, including facilities for disposing of waste. They assist in planning and carrying out waste management programs.

Despite not being a member of the government, Lebanon's Union of Municipalities has been actively engaged in waste management initiatives, notably at the local level. They seek to assist local governments in enhancing trash disposal and collection procedures.

https://www.moe.gov.lb/getattachment/cca17155-ac13-4cf3-83c1-6c5baee40df4/Policy-Summary-for-Jan-2018.aspx

https://www.moe.gov.lb/getattachment/e88fe34b-e8bb-409b-8b83-cf973c8ac1b7/Policy-Summary-Presentation-2018.aspx

Who provides the services (government or private companies)?

Private companies like Ramco,Lavajet, City blue,ect..

Status of the landfills in the country? How many are there? Who manages them?

Number of Landfills: Lebanon has several landfills dispersed over its various areas. Although several of them were running above their intended capacity, these landfills were used to dispose of municipal solid garbage.

Lebanon contains 735 random land dumps in rural areas and 7 in major cities, six of which pose a threat to human health in Lebanon.

Management: Depending on the municipality and the region, these landfills were managed differently. While some landfills were run by private companies, others were directly overseen by local authorities. Due to the absence of a coordinated waste management system, environmental rules and garbage disposal procedures varied amongst landfills.

For Private Recycling Projects: Several private businesses and groups participated in recycling projects. These projects frequently concentrated on gathering recyclable materials from homes and businesses, such as paper, plastic, and glass. Some of these businesses established recycling pickup or collection services in collaboration with local governments.

Hazardous Waste Disposal

It was extremely difficult to properly dispose of hazardous trash in Lebanon, including e-waste, medical waste, appliances, and other potentially toxic products. There were issues with the environment and public health since the nation lacked a thorough and well-regulated system for managing these forms of trash. Chemicals, e-waste, and other hazardous trash frequently end up being improperly disposed of, adding to pollution and posing possible health risks.

Despite its harmful components, e-waste, which includes electronic garbage like phones and computers, was frequently disposed of in conventional waste streams. Healthcare personnel and the general public may have been exposed to infectious materials due to improper segregation, collection, transportation, and treatment of medical waste created by healthcare facilities. Refrigerants and other dangerous elements found in appliances represent a risk if they are not properly disposed of since their release into the environment could affect air quality and contribute to global warming.

Non-Hazardous Waste Disposal

Due to Lebanon's decentralized waste management system, it was difficult to dispose of non-hazardous waste, such as typical household garbage from camps or complexes. While waste collection in different regions was handled by municipalities and private businesses, the range of reliable and effective waste disposal techniques varied greatly. Waste bins or skips were frequently utilized in metropolitan areas for collection, and municipal or private collection trucks would periodically empty these bins. Due to inadequate infrastructure, waste may, nevertheless, be burned, buried, or dumped in some locations.

The methods and techniques for managing black and grey water (from toilets, sinks, and showers) when it comes to wastewater disposal also vary by region. Sewage systems were set up in more developed urban areas to handle wastewater, and treatment plants processed sewage before releasing it into the environment. However, in some rural or unofficial communities, adequate wastewater treatment may be restricted or non-existent, resulting in water source contamination and potential health problems. The need for improved infrastructure and environmental safeguards was highlighted by the absence of an extensive wastewater management system in some areas.

Disclaimer: Registration does not imply any business relationship between the supplier and WFP/Logistics Cluster, and is used solely as a determinant of services, and capacities.

Please Note: WFP/Logistics Cluster maintains complete impartiality and is not in a position to endorse, or comment on any company's suitability as a reputable service provider.

Lebanon - 4 Contact Lists

In the following subsections the contact details for Lebanon will be presented.

Lebanon - 4.1 Government Contact List

Government Contact List

Ministry	City / Town			Street / Physical Address	Email	Phone Number (office)	Phone Number (mobile)	Fax Number	Website
Ministry of Interior - Internal Security forces		Beirut	Adib Isaac street Achrafieh		isf@isf.gov.lb	+9611422000		+9611750084	http://www.isf.gov.lb/en
Ministry of Interior and Municipalities		Beirut	Hamra		admin@moim.gov.lb	+9611754200			http://www.moim.gov.lb/
Ministry of defence		Faiyadieh	Faiyadieh		difaa@mod.gov.lb	+9611424049		+9615958757	http://www.mod.gov.lb/
Ministry of Social Affairs		Badaro	Baabda, Damascus Road, Center no. 3176		info@socialaffairs.gov.lb	+9611611260			http://www.socialaffairs.gov.lb/
Ministry of Public Health		Beirut	Bir Hassan, Jnah,		info@moph.gov.lb	+9611830300			http://www.moph.gov.lb/en
Ministry of Public Works and Transportation		Beirut	Starco Georges Picot street		ministry@transportation.gov.lb	+961 1 371644		+9611371647	http://www.transportation.gov.lb/Index.aspx
Ministry of Post and Telecommunication		Beirut	Riad El Solh		minister@mpt.gov.lb	+9611979 384 /3		+9611423005	http://www.mpt.gov.lb/index.php/en/
Ministry of Economy & Trade		Beirut	Riad El Solh Azarieh building		Info@economy.gov.lb	+9611 982360/1/2/3/4/5			http://www.economy.gov.lb/index.php/home/2
Ministry of Tourism		Beirut	Central Bank St.Hamra		info@destinationlebanon.gov.lb	+9611340940/4		+9611340945	www.destinationlebanon.gov.lb
Ministry of Agriculture		Beirut	Embassies Street Jnah		ealawiea@agriculture.gov.lb	+9611848446	+9613287170		http://www.agriculture.gov.lb/
Ministry of Finance		Beirut	Riad El SolhMOT bldg.		infocenter@finance.gov.lb	+9611720		+9611982189	http://www.finance.gov.lb/
Ministry of Justice		Beirut	Sami Solh avenue		info@justice.gov.lb	+9611422944		+9611611635	http://www.justice.gov.lb/
Ministry of Environment		Beirut	Riad El Solh Azarieh building		webmaster@moe.gov.lb	+9611976555		+9611976535	http://www.moe.gov.lb/
Ministry of Industry		Badaro	Sami El Solh avenue		ministry@industry.gov.lb	+9611423338 / 427006			www.industry.gov.lb
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants		Beirut	Achrafieh - Facing Sofil Center - Bustros Palace		mfa@foreign.gov.lb	+9611333100 /333 099		+961338 556 - 217 431	http://www.foreign.gov.lb/http://www.emigrants.gov.lb/
Ministry of Youth and Sports		Badaro	Sami El Solh avenue		mail@ministry.gov.lb	+9611425765/426657		+9611425984	http://www.minijes.gov.lb/
Ministry of Education and Higher Education		Beirut	Habib Abi-Chahla street, Unesco		info@higher-edu.gov.lb	+9611772000		+9611777273	http://www.mehe.gov.lb
Ministry of Energy and Water		Beirut	Corniche El-Naher		mew@terra.net.lb	+9611565100/1/2/3/4			http://www.energyandwater.gov.lb/
Ministry of Labor		Baabda	Shiyyah Highway		mi@labor.gov.lb	+9611556806			http://www.labor.gov.lb/
Ministry of Information		Beirut	Central Bank streetHamra			+9611743536		+9611341851	http://www.nna-leb.gov.lb/
Ministry of Displaced	Beirut			Starco Center	modbeirut@hotmail.com	+9611366373			http://www.ministryofdisplaced.gov.lb/
Directorate General of Civil Aviation	Beirut			Beirut International Airport	dgca@beirutairport.gov.lb	+9611628195/6/7			http://www.dgca.gov.lb/
Ministry of Culture	Beirut			Madame Curie street		+9611744250		+9611756305/ 756303	http://www.culture.gov.lb/
Directorate General of Customs	Beirut			Riad el Solh	info@customs.gov.lb	+9611 988 510			http://www.customs.gov.lb/

Lebanon - 4.10 Supplier Contact List

Company	Commodity Types	Location(s)	Street / Physical Address	Name	Title	Email	Phone Number (office)	Phone Number (mobile)	Website	Description of Services Provided
Zein J Harb	As mentioned in Section 3.5	Office: Beirut/ Warehouse: Bekaa		Zein Harb	CEO	zeinwharb@zjharb.com	00961 1270450	009613564580	NA

Lebanon - 4.12 Waste Management Companies Contact List

Company Profile																Waste Information
Name of Company	Physical Address	Focal Person	Telephone Number	Email Address	Website	Does the company have an Environmental, Health and Safety certification (e.g. ISO 14001, ISO 45001 or equivalent) or self-certified management plan for facilities and personnel? (List all available)	Business License Validity Dates	Years of experience	Company main business	Facility is well maintained (roof/walls)? (Y/N)	Hazardous materials are processed and stored separately from non-hazardous waste? (Y/N)	Facility has adequate ventilation? (Y/N)	PPE provided to staff (hard hats, overalls, boots, etc.)? (Y/N)	Processing capacity (e.g. max tonnes/day or month)*	Collection provided (Y/N)	Any transport capacity constraints (geographical, volumes, frequency)?	Non hazardous waste accepted Select from dropdown menu	Non hazardous waste Disposal method Select from dropdown menu	Hazardous Waste Accepted Select from dropdown menu	Hazardous waste disposal Disposal method Select from dropdown menu	Admin Waste Accepted Select from dropdown menu	Admin Disposal method Select from dropdown menu	Comments
A to Z	Bourj Hammoud	Bedros Najarian	03-348346	atozlebanon@atozservice.me	www.atozserivices.me	yes,ISO 9001	15-Aug-23	42 YEARS	FACILTY MANAGEMENT/WASTE MANAGEMENT	Y	N	Y	Y	N/A	Y	NO	Packaging (plastics/others - PET and PT)	unknown	E-waste: IT Hardware (e.g. servers, routers, external drives, CPUs)	unknown	General Office Waste	unknown
RAMCO	Byakout	Mr.Wlaid Bou Saad	03-457163	walid.bousaad@ramco.com	www.ramco.com	yes,ISO 5001-90001-10002	Dec-25	from 2017	contractors	Y	N	Y	Y	1200 T/day	Y	Transportation to the landfill	Packaging (plastics/others - PET and PT)	unknown	E-waste: IT Hardware (e.g. servers, routers, external drives, CPUs)	unknown	General Office Waste	unknown
LWM	Baouchrieh	Pierre baaklini	03-271718	Baaklini@lebanonwastemanagement.com	www.lebanonwastemanagement.com	no	n/a	4 years	waste management	Y	N	Y	Y	10 t/day	Y	no	Glass	unknown		unknown		unknown
Lavajet	Dbayeh	Maguy Ferekh	03-584667	m.ferekh@lavajet-group.com	www.lavajet-group.com	yes,ISO 9001	Dec-25	10 years	waste management	y	n	y	y	600 T/day	y	NO	Glass	unknown	E-waste: IT Hardware (e.g. servers, routers, external drives, CPUs)	unknown	General Office Waste	unknown
Mouawad-Edde	Beirut	Miled Mouad	03-123123	miledmouwad@mouad-edde.com	www.mouad-edde.com	yes,ISO 9001	n/a	from 2016	Contractors	y	n	y	y	850 t/day	y	Transportation to the landfill	Glass	unknown	E-waste: IT Hardware (e.g. servers, routers, external drives, CPUs)	unknown	General Office Waste	unknown

Please find a Waste Management Tender example here

Disclaimer: Registration does not imply any business relationship between the supplier and WFP/Logistics Cluster, and is used solely as a determinant of services, and capacities.

Please Note: WFP/Logistics Cluster maintain complete impartiality and are not in a position to endorse, comment on any company's suitability as a reputable service provider

Lebanon - 4.2 Humanitarian Contact Lists

Organization	Street / Physical Address	Name	Title	Email	Phone Number (office)	Phone Number (mobile)	Fax Number	Website
DCL	Tripoli, Dam w Farez Street	Georges Metry	Project manager	georgesmetry@yahoo.com		+9613689914		https://dclngo.org/about-us/
Caritas	Caritas Lebanon Headquarters, Dr Youssef Hajjar Street, Sin El Fil – Lebanon			info@caritas.org.lb	+961 1 517 012			https://caritas.org.lb/
World Vision International	Sinyora Building, Mountazah, Beit Meri, El Maten	Roudy Saidi	Project manager	roudy_saidy@wvi.org	+961-4-401980		+961 4 401982	https://www.wvi.org/Lebanon
Sheild International	Badaro , Sami el Soloh , Manhatten Bldg 5th floor			info@sheildassociation.org	+961 1 998 669			http://sheildassociation.org/
Basmeh & Zeitooneh	Shatilla,Beirut, Lebanon			contact@basmeh-zeitooneh.org	+961 76 939 238			https://www.basmeh-zeitooneh.org/
WFP	Sin el Fil, Beirut,Lebanon			wfp.lebanon@wfp.org	+961964615			https://www.wfp.org/countries/lebanon
Humanity & Inclusion	Beirut, Sodeco			hom.lb@hi-emergency.org		+96176409202		https://www.hi.org/en/country/lebanon
UNHCR	Nicolas Ibrahim Sursock St. Jnah Beirut, Lebanon			lebbe@unhcr.org	+961 1 849 201			https://www.unhcr.org/lb/
WHO				emwroleb@who.int	+9611612970		+9611612972	https://www.who.int/countries/lbn
UNICEF	Ashrafieh, Sodeco Area, Sama Beirut			beirut@unicef.org	+961 1 607400			https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/

Lebanon - 4.3 Laboratory and Quality Testing Companies Contact List

Company

Street / Physical Address

Name

Title

Email

Phone Number (office)

Phone Number (mobile)

Fax Number

Website

Description of Services

IRI

Industrial

Research

Institute

Lebanese University Campus

Hadath (Baabda), Lebanon

info@iri.org.lb

+961 5 467831

+9615467831

https://www.iri.org.lb/index.html

Official Laboratory and Quality Testin for Lebanese Authority

RBML Food Labs

Chweifat, Lebanon, Old saida road

Dr. Rami Khodor

Owner / GM

ramikhodr@rbml-micro.com

+961 5 433 149

http://www.rbml-micro.com/

The first and only private accredited food and water testing lab in Lebanon

Lebanon - 4.4 Lebanon Port and Waterways Company Contact List

Port Name	Company	Street / Physical Address	Name	Title	Email	Phone Number (office)	Website	Key Role
Beirut	Gestion et exploitation du port de Beyrouth (GEPB)		Mr. Omar Itani	Beirut Port General Director	info@portdebeyrouth.com	00961 1 58 02 11 till 16 / +961 81 362230	http://www.portdebeyrouth.com/	Port management
Beirut	Agility Freight Forwarding	Beirut			saleslebanon@agilitylogistics.com	009611511270		Transport and Clearing and Forwarding (C&F)
Beirut	Ahmad Amin Dawlish	Beirut				03 016 898		Transport and C&F
Beirut	All Transport Agency (ATA)	Beirut	Elio Haddad		info@ata-lebanon.com	009611395000		Transport and C&F
Beirut	Aramex International	Beirut	Marianne Abi Samra		beycustomerserviceteam@amramex.com	009611517012 / 1288		Transport and C&F
Beirut	Beirut Cargo Centre (BCC)	Beirut			charly.freiha@bcclogistics.com / elie.shamsy@bcclogistics.com	009611482211		Transport and C&F
Beirut	Beirut Express	Beirut	Fred Seikaly / Hovig Kalandjian		customersupport@beirutexpress.com	01-343755
Beirut	Damco	Dekweneh/ Dbayeh	Magdi Ghouseini			00961 1 580202		Transport, Shipping, and C&F
Beirut	Debbas Shipment	Beirut			oddebbas@oddebbas.com	01-585253
Beirut	Destinators				sami@destinators.com/ daher@destinators.com	009611797796 / 796000 / 795000
Beirut	DHL Global Forwarding	Beirut	Samer Touma
Beirut	Feeder Shipping Agency LTD	Beirut	Zigmund Hayek		operations@fsalebanon.com	00961 1 585591
Beirut	Henry Heald	Beirut	Harriet Joly		harriet.joly@henryheald.com	01 585676/7/8
Beirut	Maersk Lebanon SARL	Beirut				00961 1 587100
Beirut	Mediterranean Shipping Company	Beirut			info@msclebanon.com.lb	00961 1 583620
Beirut	Med Conro Shipping Services Ltd	Beirut			info@medconro.com mcs@sodetel.net.lb	00961 1 240 700 (5 Lines)
Beirut	Safmarine	Beirut				00961 1 444300
Beirut	Saleh Shipping	Beirut			hq@salehshipping.com	00961 1 583990
Beirut	SEAGO Line	Beirut	Paul Aboujaoude		Paul.Aboujaoude@seagoline.com	00961 1 447 894 Ext:103
Beirut	Shippers Ltd	Beirut	Nabil Massoud		nmassoud@shippersltd.com	00961 1 248 000
Beirut	Zervos Shipping Agency	Beirut			administration@zervosshipping.com	00961 4 710246
Tripoli Port Authority		Tripoli	Ahmad Tamer	Tripoli Port General Director	www.oept.gov.lb/index.php/en/	+961-3-506618	www.oept.gov.lb/index.php/en/
Tripoli	Fadimar Agency	Mina fransabank bldg. 1st floor elshiraa square Tripoli, Lebanon	MR. Talal R Issa			+961-6-602372 & +961-6-614372
Tripoli	TransNord	Almahjar el Sehhi, Tripoli	Mr. Ahmad Khodor Soboh			+961-6-444422	http://www.trans-nord.com/
Tripoli	Arabian Maritime & Transport Agency	Mina, Tripoli, Lebanon				+961-6-602868	http://www.arabmar.com/
Tripoli	Altair Shipping Agency	Mina, Tripoli, Lebanon				+961-6-212123	http://www.altairshipping.com/
Tripoli	Rassoula Maritime	Sakafeh Street, Assaf Building, 4th Floor Tripoli, Lebanon				+961-6-432546	http://www.rassoula.com/
Tripoli	Elmeco for General Trading & Maritim Navigation	Customs Str. - Pilotage Station Building -2nd Floor Mina, Tripoli, Lebanon				+961 6 200825 +961 6 202245	http://www.elmecoshipping.com/index.html
Tripoli	Fadimar Agency	Mina fransabank bldg. 1st floor elshiraa square Tripoli, Lebanon	MR. Talal R Issa			+961-6-602372 & +961-6-614372
Tripoli	TransNord	Almahjar el Sehhi, Tripoli	Mr. Ahmad Khodor Soboh			+961-6-444422
Tripoli	Arabian Maritime & Transport Agency	Mina, Tripoli, Lebanon				+961-6-602868
Tripoli	Altair Shipping Agency	Mina, Tripoli, Lebanon				+961-6-212123
Tripoli	Rassoula Maritime	Sakafeh Street, Assaf Building, 4th Floor Tripoli, Lebanon				+961-6-432546
Tripoli	Elmeco for General Trading & Maritim Navigation	Customs Str. - Pilotage Station Building -2nd Floor Mina, Tripoli, Lebanon				+961 6 200825 +961 6 202245
Tripoli	Fadimar Agency	Mina fransabank bldg. 1st floor elshiraa square Tripoli, Lebanon	MR. Talal R Issa			+961-6-602372 & +961-6-614372
Tripoli	TransNord	Almahjar el Sehhi, Tripoli	Mr. Ahmad Khodor Soboh			+961-6-444422
Tripoli	Arabian Maritime & Transport Agency	Mina, Tripoli, Lebanon				+961-6-602868

Lebanon - 4.5 Airport Company Contact List

Airport	Company	Street / Physical Address	Email	Phone Number (office)	Website	Description of Services
Rafic Hariri International Airport	Middle East Airlines Ground Handling (MEAG)	Rafic Hariri International Airport, Airport boulevard Choueifate (Aley) P.O.Box 11-3133	meag@meag.com.lb	+961 1 622700	https://meag.com.lb/	MEAG ,a subsidiary of the Lebanese national carrier Middle East Airlines Airliban, Provides reliable, efficient , cost-effective and high quality passenger , baggage, VIP , cargo, ramp and FBO services to its customer airlines. Middle East Airline Ground Handing (MEAG) is the major ground handling service provider at Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport (BRHIA), operating in a safe, secure and quality service environment to serve all types of passenger aircraft and freighters in full alignment with customers’ and regulatory requirements.
Rafic Hariri International Airport	Middle East Airports Services (MEAS)	Rafic Hariri International Airport. All Lebanon	callcenter@mea.com.lb	00961 1 629999	https://www.mea.com.lb/english/about-mea/affiliated-companies/meas	Middle East Airports Services S.A.L. (MEAS ) was established as a limited company upon the request of late prime minister Rafic Hariri on 4 March 1998 as an affiliated company to Middle East Airlines, which owns the totality of its shares. MEAS started business when it was assigned the transfer of airport operations from the old to the new building without interrupting airport activities, as well as the official inauguration of the newly commissioned Rafic Hariri International Airport of Beirut in 1998. MEAS signed a contract with the council for the Development and reconstruction representing the Lebanese government, according to which it would be responsible for the the operations and maintenance of the facilities of Beirut International Airport recently built.
Rafic Hariri International Airport	Lebanese Air Transport (LAT)	Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport (BRHIA - BEY)	info@lat.com.lb	+961 1 629 565	http://www.lat.com.lb/	The Lebanese Air Transport (LAT) was established in 1958 and licensed as a ground handling company by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). Based at Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport (BRHIA - BEY) and operating 24/7/365, LAT is entitled to carry out -for its own account or for the account of other parties - air transport activities on charter basis and all kinds of commercial ground handling services of airlines arriving and departing to/from BRHIA.

Lebanon - 4.6 Storage and Milling Company Contact List

Company	Street / Physical Address	Name	Title	Email	Phone Number (office)	Phone Number (mobile)	Fax Number	Website	Key Role	Description of Duties
Enfeh Warehouse	Saifi	Simon Saba	GM	simon@amineaour.com	+961 5 677777	+961 304903	n/a	www.amineaour.com	to improve efficiency and increase profits while managing the overall operations of a company	Design strategy and set goals for growth Control budgets and optimize expenses
Choueifat Warehouse	Choueifat	Fadi Ayoub	GM	brt.fayoub@landtransportinternational.com	+961 959310	+961 3579755	n/a	www. landtransportinternational.com	to improve efficiency and increase profits while managing the overall operations of a company	Design strategy and set goals for growth Control budgets and optimize expenses
Dora Warehouse	Dora	Karim Mekhael	Logistics officer	kmekhael@agilitylogistics.com	+961 511270	+961 3463174	n/a	www. agilitylogistics.com	to improve efficiency and increase profits while managing the overall operations of a company	Design strategy and set goals for growth Control budgets and optimize expenses
Dayshunieh Warehouse	Dayshunieh	Mohamad Zareef	Manager	melzareef@hechme.com	+961 4 534 812	n/a	n/a	www.hechme.com	to improve efficiency and increase profits while managing the overall operations of a company	Design strategy and set goals for growth Control budgets and optimize expenses
Milling Company National Flour Mills	Tripoli	Anas Shaar	GM	anas.shaar@al-ghurair.com	+961 6 411 230	n/a	n/a	www.al-ghurair.com	to improve efficiency and increase profits while managing the overall operations of a company	Design strategy and set goals for growth Control budgets and optimize expenses
Milling Company Crown Flour Mills	Beirut	Paul Mansour	MP	pmansour@crownflourmills.com	+961 1 444 772	+961 3 305 170	n/a	www.crownflourmills.com	to improve efficiency and increase profits while managing the overall operations of a company	Design strategy and set goals for growth Control budgets and optimize expenses
Milling Company BIG MILLS OF THE SOUTH	South	AHMAD HOTEIT	GM	HOTEIT@CYBERIA.NET.LB	+961 7 970 444	n/a	n/a	n/a	to improve efficiency and increase profits while managing the overall operations of a company	Design strategy and set goals for growth Control budgets and optimize expenses
Milling Company Middle East Flour Mills	Zouk Mikael	Nazih Nakhle	MD	n/a	+961 9 311 616	n/a	n/a	n/a	to improve efficiency and increase profits while managing the overall operations of a company	Design strategy and set goals for growth Control budgets and optimize expenses
Milling Company Shahba Mills	Bourj el Barajineh	Wael Shabarek	Manager	Shahba@cyberia.net.lb	+961 1 450 216	n/a	n/a	n/a	to improve efficiency and increase profits while managing the overall operations of a company	Design strategy and set goals for growth Control budgets and optimize expenses
Milling Company Baraka mills	Baouchrieh	Mahmoud Shabarek	Manager	baraka@cyberia.net.lb	+961 1 901 835	n/a	n/a	n/a	to improve efficiency and increase profits while managing the overall operations of a company	Design strategy and set goals for growth Control budgets and optimize expenses

Lebanon - 4.7 Fuel Provider Contact List

Company	Location(s)	Street / Physical Address	Name	Title	Email	Phone Number (office)	Phone Number (mobile)	Fax Number	Website	Description of Services Provided
IPT	Byblos - Lebanon	Amchit Highway P.O.Box: 71 Jbeil - Lebanon				961 (9) 624 111		961 (9) 624 115	https://www.iptgroup.com.lb/

Lebanon - 4.8 Transporter Contact List

Transporter Contact List

Company	Location(s)	Street / Physical Address	Name	Title	Email	Phone Number (office)	Phone Number (mobile)	Fax Number	Website	Description of Services Provided	Vehicle Type	Number of Vehicles	Capacity per Vehicle	Condition
ACTC	Anfeh		Aoni	Ahdab	aoni@ahdab.org	NA	00961 3 222255	NA	NA	Transportation/Food	Various types		15	Good
Agility	Zouk Mosbeh	Min Highway	Karim	Mekhael	kmekhael@agility.com	NA	00961 79 303 354	NA	NA	Transportation/Warehousing/Warehouse Management/ Re-bagging/Kitting	All Types		20
All Transport Agency	Beirut	SAMI EL SOLH AVE., LABBAN BLDG	Elio	Haddad	info@ata-lebanon.com	00961-1-395000		00961-1-395000		Transportation/Clearance/Shipping	All types	NA	NA	Good
ARAMEX	Beirut	Mar Roukoz	Carole	Abi Abdallah	carolab@aramex.com	01679111				Transportation/Clearance/Shipping/Warehousing	All types	NA	NA	Good
AZ Express	Beirut	Tayouneh				03971568				Freight Forwardimg/Transportation	Several Types	Na	NA	Na
Beirut cargo Center SARL	Beirut	Sin Fil	Karim	Bassil	karim.bassil@bcclogistics.com	00961 3 420 808				Transportation/Warehousing/Warehouse Management/ Re-bagging/Kitting	All types
CEVA Logistics SAL	Beirut	Down Town	Elie	Shamsy	elie.shamsy@cevalogistics.com	00961 3 670698				Transportation/Warehousing/Warehouse Management/ Re-bagging/Kitting	All types
Cargo Master	Beirut	Charles Helou Avenue				01 561 000				Transportation/Warehousing/Warehouse Management/ Re-bagging/Kitting	Several types
DHL Global Forwarding Lebaon SAL	Beirut	Down Town	Joe	Batrouni	joe.batruni@dhl.com	0096101564789				Transportation /Clearance/Shipping	All Types	NA	Na	Na
Fast Bollore Logistics	Beirut	Pasteur Street	Sirine	Dalati	sirine.dalati@bollore.com	00961 01 562 777				Transportation /Clearance/Shipping	All Types	NA	Na	Na
Georges Chaaya	Beirut	Port	Youssef	Chaaya						Transportation /Clearance	All Types	NA	25	Good
Gezairi Transport SAL	Beirut	Sin Fil	Rola	Azar	razar@gezairi.com	00961 3 757149				Transportation /Clearance/Warehousing/Warehouse Management	All Types	NA	15	Good
Land Transport International	Beirut	Port	Dany	Chaaya	dchaaya@lti-group.com					Transportation /Clearance/Warehousing/Warehouse Management	All Types	NA	30	Good
Transporters	Beirut	Medawar	Bernard	Gerdy	bgerdy@dss-holding.com	009613692939				Transportation /Clearance/Warehousing/Warehouse Management	All Types	NA	30	Good
Navigators	Beirut	Medaware			navigators@navigators-lb.com	961 1 570 571	961 1 575 730			Transportation /Clearance/Warehousing/Warehouse Management	All Types	NA	30	Good
Net Logistics (Net Global)	Beirut				info@thenet.group	+961 1 593 400				Transportation /Clearance	NA	NA	NA
Arcas Louvain S.A.E	Beirut					01/783783
Josimar Item	Beirut					01/442712
C Trans Agencies S.A.L	Beirut					01/574466
C-Line	Beirut					01/565000
Sweida Transport and Trade Company LLC	Beirut					01/896685
Global Cargo Line LLC	Beirut					05/951171
Phoenician Maritime Agency S.A.L Item	Beirut					01/572233
Ihsan al-Yafi	Beirut					06/221002
Basal Express International Transport	Beirut					01/443536
Admiral Ship Management	Beirut					01/486789
Edward Kordahi	Beirut					01/449511
Ademar Shipping Lines Corp	Beirut					01/444100
Ademar Lebanese Shipping Company	Beirut					01/870152
International Transport	Beirut					01/491349
International Shipping Services Company	Beirut					01/645200
International Shipping Company - Latouf Arroub	Beirut					01/243002
International Shipping and Logistics Company	Beirut					01/582888
Orbit International Forwarders LLC	Beirut					01/241978
URIAN SHIPPING AND TRADING	Beirut					01/365570
All Transport Middle East LLC	Beirut					01/373350
ELC Transport Services s.a.l	Beirut					01/580473
Airlink Lebanon s.a.l	Beirut					01/563277
Banaco Shipping Agency S.A.E	Beirut					01/241860
Planet Cargo and Logistics LLC	Beirut					01/242785
Blue Wave Maritime Transport LLC	Beirut Beirut					01/566701
Trust Shipping Services						01/567660

Source: Approved Lebanon Shortlist for Y2023 + https://lebanon-industry.com/transportation-details/190

Lebanon - 5 Annexes

The following section contains annexes for additional information for the Lebanon LCA

Lebanon - 5.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronym	Full name of the Agency / Organization
AWB	Airway Bill
BL	Bill of Lading
C&F	Cost & Freight
CAA	Civil Aviation Authority
CARE	Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere
CFS	Container Freight Stations
DLCA	Digital Logistics Capacity Assessment
FAO	Food and Agriculture Organisation
GPRS	General Pocket Radio Service
GRT	Gross Register Tonnage
IATA	International Air Transport Association
ICAO	International Civil Aviation Organisation
IDPs	Internally Displaced Persons
ILS	Instrument Landing System
IMF	International Monetary Fund
INGO	International NGO
IOM	International Organisation for Migration
ISPs	Internet Service Providers
KVA	Kilo Volt Ampere
LCA	Logistics Capacity Assessment
MOU	Memorables of Understanding
MT	Metric Tons
MW	Megawatt
n/a	not available
NDB	Non directional beacon
NFI	Non Food Items
NGO	Non Governmental Organisation
OCHA	Office of the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
RC	Resident Coordinator
RoRo	Roll on Roll off
T	Tons
T&D	Transmission and Distribution
TEUs	Twenty Foot Equivalent Units
THC	Terminal Handling Charge
UNAIDS	Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
UNCT	United Nations Country Team
UNDP	United Nations Development Programme
UNEP	United Nations Environmental Programme
UNCT	United Nations Country Team
UNDP	United Nations Development Programme
UNEP	United Nations Environmental Programme
UNESCO	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNFPA	United Nations Population Fund
UNHAS	United Nations Humanitarian Air Service
UNHCR	United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF	United Nations Children's Fund
(V)HF	(Very) High Frequency
VOR	VHF omnidirectional radio range
V-SAT	Very Smart Aperture Terminal
WASH	Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
WCO	World Customs Organisation
WFP	World Food Programme
WHO	World Health Organisation
WVI	World Vision International

Lebanon

Table of Contents

1 Lebanon Country Profile

2 Lebanon Logistics Infrastructure

3 Lebanon Logistics Services

4 Lebanon Contact Lists

5 Lebanon Annexes

Lebanon - 1 Country Profile

Lebanon Country Profile

Generic Information

Humanitarian Info

Facts and Figures

Lebanon - 1.1 Humanitarian Background

Disasters, Conflicts and Migration

Seasonal Effects on Logistics Capacities

Capacity and Contacts for In-Country Emergency Response

GOVERNMENT

HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY

Lebanon - 1.2 Regulatory Departments and Quality Control

Regulatory Departments & Quality Control

Lebanon - 1.3 Customs Information

Duties and Tax Exemption

Exemption Regular Regime (Non-Emergency Response):

Exemption Certificate Application Procedure:

Exemption Certificate Document Requirements

Customs Clearance

General Information

Customs Clearance Document Requirements

Transit Regime

Lebanon - 2 Logistics Infrastructure

Lebanon - 2.1 Port Assessment

Lebanon - 2.1.1 Port of Beirut

Port Overview

Port Picture

Description and Contacts of Key Companies

Port Performance

Discharge Rates and Terminal Handling Charges

Berthing Specifications

General Cargo Handling Berths

Port Handling Equipment

Container Facilities

Link to container yard website CMA beirut terminal:

https://cma-beirut.com/

Customs Guidance

Terminal Information

GRAIN AND BULK HANDLING

MAIN STORAGE TERMINAL

Stevedoring

Hinterland Information

Port Security

Lebanon - 2.1.2 Port of Tripoli

Port Overview

Port Picture

Description and Contacts of Key Companies

Port Performance

Discharge Rates and Terminal Handling Charges

Berthing Specifications

General Cargo Handling Berths

Port Handling Equipment

Container Facilities

Customs Guidance

Port Security

Lebanon - 2.1.3 Port of Tyre

Port Overview

Description and Contacts of Key Companies

Port Performance

Berthing Specifications

Port Handling Equipment

Customs Guidance

Lebanon - 2.1.4 Port of Sidon

Port Picture

Description and Contacts of Key Companies

Customs Guidance

Lebanon - 2.2 Aviation

Lebanon - 2.2.1 Rafic Hariri International Airport

Airport Overview

Airport Picture

Description and Contacts of Key Companies

Passenger and Cargo Performance Indicator

Runways