2 Kiribati Logistics Infrastructure
There are 670 km of highways in Kiribati (1996 est.) of which 33 km are paved in South Tarawa (2001). The longest stretch of road travels from South Tarawa to North Tarawa.
The nature of the island group means that road transportation can only be used on a localised level between villages using privately owned small trucks (1-5 mt and pickups). Inter-island transport is by small ferries (up to 70 pax) and outboard-powered runabouts.
Freight and shipping to Kiribati is serviced by sea, and to an extent air. Major couriers and shipping firms, such as DHL and UPS, provide various freighting services to the islands, generally to Tarawa and Christmas Islands, and then transhipped to the outer islands by smaller coastal shipping.
The main ports can be found on Betio islet, near Tarawa (Port of Betio), and Christmas Islands (Port of Navy Harbour). The ports at, Betio and Navy Harbour are operated by the Kiribati Ports Authority, the statutory body responsible for maintaining and coordinating the nation’s port facilities. Provision for handling containers is available at Betio and Navy Harbour (20 foot only), while Banaba has a cantilever that is used for phosphate loading.There is a small network of canals, totaling 5 km, in the Line Islands.
There are 22 airports in the country of which 4 have paved runways. Nauru Airlines (formerly trading as Our Airline), Solomon Airways and Fiji Airways Ltd service Bonriki International Airport and Cassidy International Airport international airline connections.Fiji Airways currently flies twice-weekly from Nadi International Airport to Bonriki, and weekly to Christmas Island.
Kiribati has two domestic airlines: Air Kiribati Ltd and Coral Sun Airways. Both airlines are based in Tarawa's Bonriki International Airport and serve destinations across the Gilbert Islands. The domestic carriers serve neither the Phoenix nor Line Islands. Air Kiribati operates weekly flights between Christmas Island and the other 2 inhabited islands (Fanning and Washington) in the Line Group.
A causeway upgrade from Tarawa and Betio Port is being funded by Japan; this will improve connectivity between the main port and the main population base of Tarawa. Completion is scheduled for April 2018.
The Ministry of Communications, Transport and Tourism Development is responsible for developing and regulating the sector.
There are commercial warehousing options in Tarawa and Christmas Island. Most permanent storage in the outer islands consists of 20 foot containers. However, there is plenty of other potential storage and distribution centres utilising churches, meeting houses (Maneaba) and schools if required in an emergency.
There are ongoing planned projects at the international Airports and Ports of Entry as well as water and solar power projects on the outer islands to improve facilities and infrastructure. International donor bodies (European Union, Asian Bank and various foreign Governments (incl. NZ, Australia, Taiwan) assist with funding some of these.
2.1 Kiribati Port Assessment
Kiribati Ports Authority (KPA) operates the two main ports-of-entry. The first is on Tarawa right at the edge of Betio lagoon, which also accommodates the main headquarter office. Port capacity is limited by port handling equipment. There are no dock cranes. Feasibility of further port development to provide deep water berthing sufficient for larger international ships is under study although the cost would be substantial.
The second port-of-entry, Navy Harbour, is located at London (Ronton) on Christmas Island to serve the Line and Phoenix Islands.
Both ports have customs present and import and export cargo primarily using 20 foot containers utilising ships’ onboard cranes.
There is a third port, the Port of Banaba (Ocean Island), that was primarily used to facilitate the export of phosphate for fertiliser from the island. Since that resource has been depleted it is now only used by inter-island shipping to service the resident population of 280. It can only accommodate small boats that transfer goods from larger ships anchored offshore.
All the outer islands require larger ships to anchor off and transfer cargo using small boats to beach landings or jetties.
2.1.1 Kiribati Port of Betio
Port Overview
The port operates as a main port-of-entry for all imports to Kiribati (with the exception of some imports to Phoenix and Line Islands via Navy Harbour) and is a transhipment port to smaller coastal shipping which services the outer Islands. The port is capable of dealing with current volumes and appears to be operating safely and efficiently under the direction of the Kiribati Ports Authority (KPA). Loading and unloading facilities are limited to using ship's own cranes at dockside and moving containers to storage areas using truck and trailers. The port area is secure.
Port website: http://ports.com/kiribati/port-of-betio-tarawa-atoll/
Key port information can also be found at: http://www.maritime-database.com
Proposed Capital Works/Expenditure
|
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Forecast |
||
|
TARAWA |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
|
TA for Engineering |
|
|
|
|
Low bed flat trailer (Mafi) |
150,000 |
|
|
|
Yard Concrete Pavement |
1,500,000 |
495,711 |
|
|
Inventory Database |
5,000 |
|
|
|
New Buoy/Navigation mark |
|
|
|
|
Solar PV Grid & LED lighting |
200,000 |
300,000 |
|
|
Teeitei Suzuki O/B Engine Engine x 2 |
70,000 |
|
|
|
Engineering workshop & relocation |
100,000 |
|
|
|
Oxygen refill plant |
50,000 |
|
|
|
Fire main/system - Phase 2 |
- |
|
|
|
Portable Fire Fighter Equipment |
30,000 |
|
|
|
VTIS System |
- |
|
|
|
Prime Mover |
|
160,000 |
|
|
Office Upgrading |
30,000 |
30,000 |
|
|
Reach Stacker |
|
1,000,000 |
|
|
Top Lifter |
|
|
850,000 |
|
Other |
|
55,000 |
200,000 |
|
Total |
2,135,000 |
2,040,711 |
1,050,000 |
|
Port Location and Contact |
|
|---|---|
|
Country |
Kiribati |
|
Province or District |
South Tarawa |
|
Nearest Town or City with Distance from Port |
Betio 200m |
|
Port's Complete Name |
Port of Betio |
|
Latitude |
1.36222222 |
|
Longitude |
172.93138889 |
|
Managing Company or Port Authority |
Kiribati Ports Authority |
|
Management Contact Person |
Ruata Titaake (CEO) ruatit@gmail.com |
|
Nearest Airport and Airlines with Frequent International Arrivals/Departures |
Bonriki Fiji Airways |
Port Picture
A Slipway & berthing for domestic coastal shipping
B Main Wharf for discharge and loading cargo (container and bulk)
C Berthing for fishing and coastal shipping vessel
D Container storage area
Description and Contacts of Key Companies
The Port is managed and maintained by the Kiribati Ports Authority (KPA), a statutory body established in 2000 under KPA Act 1990 and operating under the direction of Board Directors appointed by the Minister of Communication, Transport and Tourism. Wholly owned by the Government, it currently employs 158 employees.
The KPA is
responsible for all stevedoring activities, security, surveys of vessels, shipping
channels, and navigation aids, regulating and controlling
navigation within the ports, communications and harbor
control.
For more information on port contacts, please see the following link: 4.4 Port and Waterways Companies Contact List
Port Performance
The maximum channel draft at high tide is 11 metres and maximum berthing draft at the main and only international cargo wharf is 8 metres. Maximum berthing ship’s length is 200 metres.
The maximum weight for containers loading or unloading at the wharf is 25 mt.
The port is rarely congested with shipping, although container storage is limited to around 600 x 20 foot containers and 400 x 40 foot containers at any one time.
There is no standing priority for humanitarian cargoes however these will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
Waiting time to berth is generally no more than 1 hour, if not immediate and delays due to bad weather are rare (less than 1 per year).
|
Seasonal Constraints |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Occurs |
Time Frame |
|
|
Rainy Season |
No |
n/a |
|
Major Import Campaigns |
No |
Major construction projects, whilst rare, can result in short term congestion of container storage. |
|
Other Comments |
|
|
|
HANDLING FIGURES for 2017 |
|
|---|---|
|
Vessel Calls |
445 (70 container) (14 tanker) |
|
Container Traffic (TEUs) |
3,787 TEU discharged 685 TEU loaded |
|
Handling Figures Bulk and Break Bulk for 2017 |
|
|---|---|
|
Bulk (MT) |
0 |
|
Break bulk (MT) |
328 (Excluding Containers) |
|
Months in 2017 |
Jan - Dec |
Discharge Rates and Terminal Handling Charges
TEU $200/20 foot container
$300/40 foot container
For information on port rates and charges, please see the following link: PORT RATES/TARIFFS PAGE
Berthing Specifications
|
Type of Berth |
Quantity |
Length (m) |
Maximum Draft (m) |
Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Conventional Berth Container Berth |
1 |
200 |
8 |
There is only one cargo berth. |
|
Silo Berth |
N/a |
N/a |
N/a |
N/a |
|
Berthing Tugs |
2 |
25 |
6 |
Located in the ‘basin’ domestic wharf. |
|
Water Barges |
3 |
15 |
6 |
General Cargo Handling Berths
|
Cargo Type |
Berth Identification |
|---|---|
|
Imports - Bagged Cargo |
There is main berth only |
|
Exports - Bagged Cargo |
|
|
Imports and Exports - RoRo |
N/a |
|
Other Imports |
Port Handling Equipment
The handling equipment is owned and operated by the government run KPA. Shipboard cranes are used for loading and unloading containers dockside.
|
Equipment |
Available |
Total Quantity and Capacity Available |
Comments on Current Condition and Actual Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Dockside Crane |
No |
||
|
Container Gantries |
No |
||
|
Mobile Cranes |
Yes |
50 mt |
Good. Used for stacking in storage area. |
|
Reach stacker |
Yes |
40 mt |
Good. Used for stacking and movements in storage area. |
|
RoRo Tugmaster (with Trailer) |
No |
||
|
Grain Elevator with Bagging Machines |
No |
||
|
Transtainer |
No |
||
|
Forklifts |
Yes |
1 x 30 mt 4 x 7 mt 2 x 2 mt |
All good to fair condition. |
Container Facilities
Container facilities consist of open, flat storage area within the port security perimeter.
|
Facilities |
20 ft |
40 ft |
|---|---|---|
|
Container Facilities Available |
600 |
200 - 300 |
|
Container Freight Station (CFS) |
0 |
0 |
|
Refrigerated Container Stations |
8 |
|
|
Other Capacity Details |
n/a |
n/a |
|
Daily Take Off Capacity |
200/day (12 – 15/hr) |
200/day (12-15/hr) |
|
Number of Reefer Stations |
8 |
|
|
Emergency Take-off Capacity |
12-15/hr |
12-15/hr |
|
Off take Capacity of Gang Shift |
100-120 |
|
Customs Guidance
Customs are available at port during port working hours. They have offices within the port perimeter. Clearance is usually immediate and there are no particular issues with customs officials or procedures. Clearance can often be done in advance of berthing.
For more information on customs in Kiribati, please see the following link: 1.3 Customs Information
Terminal Information
Multipurpose Terminal
As previously documented above, there is one berth that is used for all cargo.
Grain and Bulk Handling
There is no facility for grain or bulk handling discharge at this port.
Main Storage Terminal
There is one, closed shed for storage (approx. 60m2 of which generally 40% is available). All other storage requires containers.
|
Storage Type |
Number of Storage Facilities |
Area (m2) |
|---|---|---|
|
Bagged Cargo |
1 |
60 |
|
General Cargo |
||
|
Refrigerated Cargo |
n/a |
n/a |
Stevedoring
Kiribati Port Authority (KPA) provides stevedoring services. KPA hire a mix of permanent and casual labour as and when required. There is no shortage of labour available for this purpose.
Hinterland Information
KPA operate 3 x 20 feet containers capable side lifters with trailers and 1 x 40 foot container capable side lifter with trailer. There are another 3 - 4 side lifter trucks available operated by private companies (Onestop Ltd, Coral Ace Ltd, Punjas Ltd). Between them, these trucks are responsible for majority of transport to areas in South Tarawa accessible by road.
Port Security
The port is securely fenced and manned by security staff 24/7. There are no obvious security or safety issues. There is a project underway to resurface all paved areas within the port perimeter that will add to safety for foot and vehicular traffic. This is due for completion 2019.
|
Security |
|
|---|---|
|
ISPS Compliant |
Yes |
|
Current ISPS Level |
1 |
|
Police Boats |
No |
|
Fire Engines |
No |
2.1.2 Kiribati Port of Navy Harbour (Christmas Island)
Port Overview
Port-of-entry for goods coming from Fiji and Hawaii and for copra exports (containerised). It is the only port on the island capable of handling containers and large ships. The other Port, English Harbour, can only accommodate small inter-island boats with 2 metres or less draft.
Navy Harbour is limited to 20 foot containers and is not accessible in rough weather conditions. It has berthing for 1 ship at a time only. Facilities are limited.
Key port information can be found at: http://www.maritime-database.com
Proposed Capital Works/Expenditure
|
Kiritimati Branch |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Prime Mover |
80,000 |
|
50,000 |
|
New Office |
70,000 |
|
|
|
Jetty Ladder |
10,000 |
|
|
|
Solar & LED lighting along jetty |
30,000 |
20,000 |
|
|
Fencing |
15,500 |
|
|
|
Upgrading London Wharf |
20,000 |
|
|
|
Warehouse shed |
|
|
50,000 |
|
Staff House |
20,000 |
20,000 |
|
|
Portable Fire Equipment |
20,000 |
|
|
|
Power Upgrading (3 Phase) |
|
|
20,000 |
|
Mini Van/Bus (15 seat) |
|
60,000 |
|
|
Total |
265,500 |
100,000 |
120,000 |
|
GRAND TOTAL |
2,400,500 |
2,140,711 |
1,170,000 |
|
Port Location and Contact |
|
|---|---|
|
Country |
Kiribati |
|
Province or District |
Christmas (Kiritimati) Island |
|
Nearest Town or City with Distance from Port |
London (Ronton) 2 km |
|
Port's Complete Name |
Port of Navy Harbour |
|
Latitude |
2.00683889 |
|
Longitude |
157.48333333 |
|
Managing Company or Port Authority |
Kiribati Ports Authority |
|
Management Contact Person |
Capt.Kirikori Baoro |
|
Nearest Airport and Airlines with Frequent International Arrivals/Departures |
Cassidy International Airport Fiji Air (Weekly service) |
Port Picture
Description and Contacts of Key Companies
The Port is managed and maintained by the Kiribati Ports Authority (KPA), a statutory body established in 2000 under KPA Act 1990 and operating under the direction of Board Directors appointed by the Minister of Communication, Transport and Tourism. Wholly owned by the Government, it currently employs 158 employees.
The KPA is responsible for all stevedoring activities, security, surveys of vessels, shipping channels, and navigation aids, regulating and controlling navigation within the ports, communications and harbor control. They also manage hinterland transportation.
For more information on port contacts, please see the following link: 4.4 Port and Waterways Companies Contact List
Port Performance
The channel draft is 9 metres accommodating ships of 6 metres draft maximum, and ship’s length is constrained by a jetty length of 100 metres. There is a single berth. There is no congestion as ships only call approximately every three months. Generally there is no waiting time between arrival and berthing however if the sea is rough ships may be required to anchor off for up to 5 days before they can be unloaded. This is not common.
|
Seasonal Constraints |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Occurs |
Time Frame |
|
|
Rainy Season |
No |
N/a |
|
Major Import Campaigns |
No |
N/a |
|
Other Comments |
|
|
|
Handling Figures for 2017 |
|
|---|---|
|
Vessel Calls |
40 (including fishing vessels) |
|
Container Traffic (TEUs) |
100/ship (Approx. 500 pa) |
|
Handling Figures Bulk and Break Bulk for 2017 |
|
|---|---|
|
Bulk (MT) |
0 |
|
Break bulk (MT) |
500 mt |
Discharge Rates and Terminal Handling Charges
Handling rate= $US16.00/m3
Discharge FCL - 20 foot container: US$ 160.00
- 40 foot container: US$ 240.00
Berthing Specifications
|
Type of Berth |
Quantity |
Length (m) |
Maximum Draft (m) |
Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Conventional Berth |
1 |
100 |
6m |
|
|
Container Berth |
|
|||
|
Silo Berth |
No |
n/a |
n/a |
|
|
Berthing Tugs |
No |
n/a |
n/a |
|
|
Water Barges |
No |
n/a |
n/a |
|
General Cargo Handling Berths
|
Cargo Type |
Berth Identification |
|---|---|
|
Imports - Bagged Cargo |
1 berth for all
|
|
Exports - Bagged Cargo |
|
|
Other Imports |
|
|
Imports and Exports - RoRo |
No |
Port Handling Equipment
The port handling equipment is managed by the Kiribati Port Authority (a government organisation). Equipment is funded by the KPA out of revenue, not by direct government funding.
Containers are unloaded to dockside using ships cranes, forklifted onto trailer for moving to storage area and stacked there using mobile crane.
There is a proposed plan to obtain a trailer capable of shifting 40 foot containers and a reach stacker to handle them which will make the port 40 foot container capable. This is unconfirmed.
|
Equipment |
Available |
Total Quantity and Capacity Available |
Comments on Current Condition and Actual Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Dockside Crane |
No |
|
|
|
Container Gantries |
No |
||
|
Mobile Cranes |
Yes |
1 x 35 mt capacity |
New |
|
Reachstacker |
No |
||
|
RoRo Tugmaster (with Trailer) |
No |
||
|
Grain Elevator with Bagging Machines |
No |
||
|
Transtainer |
No |
||
|
Forklifts |
Yes |
1 x 20 mt 1 x 25 mt |
Good condition Fair condition |
Container Facilities
There is a level fenced open space for container storage within the port area.
|
Facilities |
20 ft |
40 ft |
|---|---|---|
|
Container Facilities Available |
Open storage area for 100 x 20 foot containers |
No facilities for moving 40 foot containers |
|
Container Freight Station (CFS) |
No |
No |
|
Refrigerated Container Stations |
No |
No |
|
Other Capacity Details |
||
|
Daily Take Off Capacity |
100 (Weather dependant, may be less if rough seas dockside) |
Single 40 foot containers can be unloaded by ship’s crane to dock, then emptied manually. Empty containers must then be reloaded to ship with ship’s crane. |
|
Number of Reefer Stations |
0 |
0 |
|
Emergency Take-off Capacity |
10/hour |
0 |
|
Off take Capacity of Gang Shift |
100 |
0 |
Customs Guidance
Customs are available at port during port working hours. Clearance is usually immediate and there are no particular issues with customs officials or procedures. Clearance can often be done in advance of berthing.
For more information on customs in Kiribati, please see the following link: 1.3 Customs Information
Terminal Information
Multipurpose Terminal
As previously documented above, there is one berth that is used for all cargo.
Grain and Bulk Handling
There is no facility for grain or bulk handling discharge at this port.
Main Storage Terminal
There is one closed storage facility for all and any cargo.
|
Storage Type |
Number of Storage Facilities |
Area (m2) |
|---|---|---|
|
Bagged Cargo |
1 |
100 |
|
General Cargo |
||
|
Refrigerated Cargo |
n/a |
n/a |
Stevedoring
Kiribati Port Authority (KPA) provides stevedoring services. KPA hire casual labour as and when required. There is no shortage of labour available for this purpose.
Hinterland Information
All containerised cargo is moved from the port by KPA who operate the island’s only sidelifter. It is 20 foot container-capable only.
Break bulk cargo is collected by individuals using privately owned small trucks ranging from 1-5 mt of which there are plenty.
Port Security
The port is securely fenced and has manned
security 24/7. It is ISPS compliant. There are no plans for any
changes to security infrastructure or processes. Security is not a
major issue on the island due to size and obvious difficulty
leaving.
|
Security |
|
|---|---|
|
ISPS Compliant |
Yes |
|
Current ISPS Level |
1 |
|
Police Boats |
No |
|
Fire Engines |
No |
2.2 Kiribati Aviation
Key airport information may also be found at: http://worldaerodata.com/
There are 2 international airports in Kiribati:
- Bonriki International Airport on Tarawa Island
- Cassidy International Airport on Kiritimati
Island
Additionally Kiribati has another 22 domestic airports, 19 of which are recognised by IATA and/or ICAO ,and 18 that provide scheduled domestic airline services.
|
Island group |
Airport name |
Number of airlines |
Number of destinations |
||||
|
PLCH |
CXI |
1 |
2, 2 international |
||||
|
NGTA |
TRW |
4 |
17 of which 5 only offer a one-way service (no return flight), 4 interational |
||||
|
Domestic airports featuring scheduled services |
|||||||
|
NGAB |
ABF |
2 |
2 |
||||
|
NGTB |
AEA |
2 |
2 of which 1 only offers a one-way service (no return flight) |
||||
|
NGUK |
AAK |
2 |
2 of which 1 only offers a one-way service (no return flight) |
||||
|
NGTR |
AIS |
2 |
3 of which 2 only offer a one-way service (no return flight) |
||||
|
NGBR |
BEZ |
2 |
2 |
||||
|
NGTU |
BBG |
2 |
3 of which 1 only offers a one-way service (no return flight) |
||||
|
NGKT |
KUC |
2 |
2 |
||||
|
NGMA |
MNK |
2 |
1 |
||||
|
NGMN |
MTK |
2 |
1 |
||||
|
NGMK |
MZK |
2 |
3 of which 1 only offers a one-way service (no return flight) |
||||
|
NGNU |
NIG |
2 |
1 |
||||
|
NGTO |
NON |
2 |
2 |
||||
|
NGON |
OOT |
2 |
1 |
||||
|
NGTE |
TBF |
2 |
6 of which 2 only offer a one-way service (no return flight) |
||||
|
NGTS |
TSU |
2 |
2 |
||||
|
NGTM |
TMN |
2 |
2 of which 1 only offers a one-way service (no return flight) |
||||
|
Airports lacking scheduled services |
|||||||
|
PCIS |
CIS |
||||||
|
PLFA |
TNV |
||||||
|
TNQ |
|||||||
Butaritari, Abemama, Tabiteuea North and Nikunau airfields can all accommodate up to Dash 8 aircraft; the remainder are limited to Twin Otter aircraft. Kanton is currently being upgraded to accommodate up to 737 aircraft.
Problems are experienced periodically with maintenance at outer island airstrips, but local capacity is adequate to handle these problems using equipment available to island councils.
The Civil Aviation Authority of Kiribati, known as a Civil Aviation Division a Governmental divisions under the Ministry of Information, Communications, Transport and Tourism Development (MICTTD), is responsible for all Aviation activities in the country including the facilitation of requests for non-scheduled International Air operators wishing to use the Kiribati airport (landing permit) or Kiribati Airspace (Overfly Permit).
Kiribati Aviation Investment Project (KAIP) has a project that aims to improve operational safety and oversight of international air transport infrastructure in Kiribati. This will include the upgrade of the Bonriki terminal in South Tarawa and a larger terminal and more sophisticated screening facilities at Cassidy International Airport on Christmas Island. The funding will also allow for the completion of seawall works on the Tarawa runway to protect from coastal erosion.
Overall, international capacity is adequate for current requirements. On a national level there is an ongoing plan to ensure all inhabited islands are serviced by air.
For more information on government agency and airport company contact information, please see the following links: 4.1 Government Contact List and 4.5 Airport Companies Contact List
Procedures for Foreign Registered Aircraft
1. CAAK is responsible for landing permits in respect to non-scheduled flights.
2. In regards to the Kiribati upper airspace, Airports Fiji Limited (AFL) provides oceanic Air Traffic Management (ATM) services in the upper airspace of the Nadi Flight Information Region (FIR). The sovereign territories of Kiribati lie within the Nadi FIR, therefore, it's AFL that controls the Kiribati upper airspace. Please liaise with them on this matter.
3. For the registration of foreign aircrafts, please refer to the attached file for more information.
Additionally, the CAAK requires 3-5 working days to process landing permits. Listed below are the documents needed when applying for a landing permit:
a) copy of general declaration;
b) a valid certificate of airworthiness for an aircraft;
c) a valid aircraft insurance;
d) certificate of registration;
e) passport biodata of crews and passengers.
A landing fee and parking fee is part of this process. A landing fee shall be payable in respect to any landing of an aircraft at a specified airport on each journey from a place outside and within Kiribati, at the following rate:
a) at a maximum take-off weight (MTW) of up to 5,700 kg : $15 (fixed)
b) from 5,701 kg to 15,000 kg: $5.00 per 1,000 kg or part thereof
c) from 15,001 kg to 40,000 kg: $6.00 per 1,000 kg or part thereof
d) from 40,001 kg to 50,000 kg: $7.50 per 1,000 kg or part thereof
e) above 50,000 kg: $15.00 per 1,000 kg or part thereof.
Parking fees for such visiting aircrafts will be charged at a rate of $100.00 for the first three hours and beyond that, at a rate of $10.00 per hour or part thereof.
For more information on procedures for foreign registered aircraft, please see the following attachments: 5.2 Appendix Foreign Air Transport Operator Certification
2.2.1 Kiribati Bonriki International Airport
Airport Overview
Bonriki International Airport (TRW) is Kiribati’s main airport and is located on the island of Tarawa which is part of the Gilbert group of Islands. Currently, direct international services to Tarawa are operated by three international airlines – Fiji Airways, Solomon Air and Air Nauru. The airport has only two parking positions for narrow body jet aircraft, and renovations to the terminal building are currently underway. The Airport Ground Handling Agent possesses very limited GSE equipment.
|
Airport Location and Contact |
|
|---|---|
|
Country |
Kiribati |
|
Province or District |
South Tarawa |
|
Nearest Town or City |
Bikenibeu 7 km |
|
Airport’s Complete Name |
Bonriki International Airport |
|
Latitude |
01°22’54°N |
|
Longitude |
01°0849°E |
|
Elevation (ft and m) |
9 ft / 3 m |
|
IATA Code |
TRW |
|
ICAO Code |
NGTA |
|
Managing Company or Airport Authority |
Civil Aviation Authority Kiribati |
|
Management Contact Person |
Mr. Tiubeta Been Rimon |
|
Open From (hours) |
0800 hr |
|
Open To (hours) |
1615 hr |
Airport Picture
The airport site comprises:
- • Runway strip and terminal area;
- • Control Tower and ARFF on the north side of the runway;
- • A water reserve north of runway. This excludes native residential land along the road at north end; and
- • Residential land (south-west corner is Bonriki Village whilst the south-eastern land is Native residential land).
Bonriki Airport has a single runway as follows:
- • Runway 09/27 - 2,011 m long x 45 m wide (paved) within a 150 m wide runway strip.
Description and Contacts of Key Companies
Air Kiribati has had a tradition of being the national flag carrier for the Republic of Kiribati. Though only in existence since 1995, the organisation can trace its roots back to the late 1970s with previous national carrier called Air Tungaru which serviced Kiribati for almost 20 years. Since 1995 Air Kiribati has offered international services but has been predominately focused on providing domestic connections through the Gilbert Islands Group of Kiribati. In 2016 Air Kiribati commenced domestic operations in the Line Island Group servicing both Washington and Fanning Islands. In 2017, the IATA once again recognised Air Kiribati as an international airline once it was allocated its official two-letter code IK and three numeric code 069. This change has allowed the airline to operate internationally once again.
Air Kiribati is a 100% government owned airline. The Air Kiribati Board directly reports to the Minister for Information, Communication, Transport and Tourism Development (MICTTD).
KOIL Kiribati Oil Company – fuel supplier (Jet-A1) at Bonriki International Airport
Located on south Tarawa, Kiribati Oil Co ltd is fully government-owned. The company was established in 1986 as marketer and distributor of fuel products under government company act registration #21.
For more information on airport contacts, please see the following link: 4.5 Airport Companies Contact List
Information on some aviation service providers can be found at: http://www.azfreight.com/
Passenger and Cargo Performance Indicator
Currently 3 carriers are serving international routes: Fiji Airways, Solomon Air and Air Nauru. The passenger terminal which was undergoing renovations at the time of this assessment, is one of the bottlenecks as it can serve only (max) one narrow body aircraft per hour; however, there will be no more space provided after completion as the terminal will remain within its current footprint, meaning the capacity will remain the same. Completion of terminal renovation works is expected by the end of 2018.
| Performance for 2017 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Per Year |
Per Month | Per Day |
|
Total Aircraft Movements |
11,768 | approx. 9,000 | approx. 30 |
|
Total Passengers |
100,201 | approx. 10,000 | approx. 270 |
|
Total Capacity of the Airport (MT) |
n/a | n/a | n/a |
|
Current Activity of the Airport (MT) |
n/a | n/a | n/a |
|
Current Use by Humanitarian Flights (UNHAS) |
0 | 0 | 0 |
The airport’s current cargo capacity meets immediate requirements. The terminal cargo handling area is undergoing an upgrade that will improve efficiency and capacity. Completion is scheduled for late 2018.
Runways
Complete runway, taxiway and apron resurfacing was finished in 2016. However, runway and apron surfaces are deteriorating rapidly due to inappropriate aggregate (mud stone) used as one of the asphalt components.
|
Runway #1 |
|
|---|---|
|
Runway Dimensions |
2011 m |
|
Orientation |
09/27 |
|
Surface |
Asphalt |
Helicopter Pad(s)
There is no helipad but sufficient areas in proximity to the terminal could be used in cases of humanitarian action.
|
Helipad #1 |
|
|---|---|
|
Present |
No |
|
Largest Helicopter that can Land |
n/a |
|
Width and Length (m) |
n/a |
|
Surface |
n/a |
Airport Infrastructure Details
The runway strip at Bonriki International Airport is not compliant with NZ CARs and ICAO SARPs as its width is less than 75 m to both sides of the centre line (width less than 150 m) due to obstacles in the strip.
Several new pieces of equipment have been provided through KAIP (Kiribati Aviation Investment Program):
- new PAPI system
- Automated weather Observation System (AWOS) (not commissioned)
- New VHF radio console
- Wind Direction Indicators for both RWY 09 and 27
- Two newly refurbished fire tenders Oshkosh T-1500
In June 2017, a new runway, taxiway and apron lighting system was installed and commissioned, which enables use of the aerodrome at night. Maintenance of equipment is being done regularly; however, when it comes to procurement of spare parts, the situation sometimes becomes very difficult due to different constraints (remoteness, transportation, availability of suppliers, etc.).
|
Customs |
Yes |
JET A-1 fuel |
Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Immigration |
Yes |
AVGAS 100 |
No |
|
Terminal Building |
Yes |
Single Point Refueling |
No |
|
Passenger Terminal |
Yes |
Air Starter Units |
Yes |
|
Cargo terminal |
Yes |
Ground Power (mobile) |
No |
|
Pax Transport to Airfield |
Taxi |
Ground Handling Services |
Yes |
|
Control Tower |
Yes |
Latrine Servicing |
No |
|
Weather Facilities |
Yes |
Fire Fighting Category (ICAO) |
Cat 6 |
|
Catering Services |
No |
De-icing Equipment |
N/a |
|
Base Operating Room |
Yes |
Parking Ramp Lighting |
Yes |
|
Airport Radar |
No |
Approach & Runway Lights |
PAPI |
|
NDB |
No |
VOR |
No |
|
ILS |
No |
|
Airport Operating Details
|
Operating Details |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Maximum Sized Aircraft that can be Offloaded on Bulk Cargo |
B737-800, A320 |
||
|
Maximum Sized Aircraft that can be Offloaded on Pallet |
B737-800, A320 | ||
|
Total Aircraft Parking Area (m²) |
N/A | ||
|
Storage Area (m3 and MT) |
Nil | ||
|
Handling Equipment |
|||
|
Elevators / Hi Loaders |
Yes |
Max Capacity (MT) |
1.4 mt |
|
Max Height (m) |
4.5 m |
||
|
Loading Ramps |
No |
||
|
Other Comments |
Belt loader 150kg capacity |
||
Customs Guidance
Customs are present during airport operating hours.
Depending on the size of an aircraft (the number of passengers), all passenger formalities can take up to 1.5 hours, including Immigration, Health, Customs and Agriculture.
For more information on customs in Kiribati, please see the following link: 1.3 Customs Information
Storage Facilities
There is very little available storage space. If storage is required, containers brought in from the port area would be the best option. Larger scale storage would require Mobile Storage Units to be constructed.
Airfield Costs
Navigation Charges
Under the Civil Aviation Act 2004 (Part V Section 46 and 47) Civil Aviation (Fees and Charges) Regulations 2014 The following fees (table below) are applicable.
|
Charges |
Aircraft Weight - MTOW (kg) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
0 - 5,700 |
5,701 - 15,000 | 15,001 - 40,000 |
40,001 - 50,000 |
Above 50,000 |
|
|
Navigation (per journey) AUD - $ |
Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
|
Landing AUD - $ |
15 | $5.00/1,000kg | $6.00/1,000kg | $7.50/1000kg | $15.00/1000kg |
|
Night Landing USD - $ |
n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
|
Night Take-Off USD - $ |
n/a |
n/a | n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
| Lighting Fee $AUD (where applicable/available) | $1.20/500kg |
$50.00/take off & $50.00/landing. $100/hour when continuous lighting is required. |
|||
|
Parking |
$100 for first3 hours and $10/hour thereafter |
||||
|
Handling Charges |
Not stated |
Not stated | Not stated |
Not stated |
Not stated |
Aircraft involved in search and rescue or those that have applied for exemption from the Minister will be exempt from Landing Fees.
Fuel Services Charges
Fuel and services are supplied by KOI. This government-owned company sets the fuel prices.
| Price per Litre USD - $ | |
|---|---|
| Jet A-1 | $2.40 |
| Avgas | n/a |
Cargo Terminal Charges
Air Kiribati who are responsible for all cargo handling advise they do not have handling charges and neither do customs.
|
Import Charges |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Type of Charge |
Rate USD - $ per kg |
Comments |
|
Handling Charge |
n/a |
|
|
Break Bulk Fee |
n/a |
|
|
Diplomatic Mail |
n/a |
|
|
Strong Room – per consignment |
n/a |
|
|
Cold Storage Fee |
n/a |
|
|
Delivery Outside Normal Working Hours |
n/a |
|
|
Preparation of substitute AOA – Invoice – Receipt |
n/a |
|
|
Storage per Day |
n/a |
|
|
Export |
||
|
Handling Charges – Un-palletized Cargo |
n/a |
|
|
International Air Waybill |
n/a |
|
|
Local Air Waybill |
n/a |
|
|
Air Way Bill Amendment - Cancellation |
n/a |
|
|
Air Way Bill Documentation |
n/a |
|
|
Diplomatic Mail |
n/a |
|
|
Storage Charges per Day |
n/a |
|
Air-bridge Charges
n/a
Security
Security non-designated airport. Passenger, hold baggage and cabin baggage screening available.
New x-ray equipment expected when terminal renovation process is finished (2018).
2.2.2 Kiribati Cassidy International Airport
Airport Overview
The airport services international flights from Fiji and Hawaii to Christmas Island. Services, infrastructure and storage facilities are quite basic but planned upgrades are in progress and due for completion in late 2018.
|
Airport Location and Contact |
|
|---|---|
|
Country |
Kiribati |
|
Province or District |
Christmas (Kiritimati) Island |
|
Nearest Town or City |
London (Ronton) 20km |
|
Airport’s Complete Name |
Cassidy International Airport |
|
Latitude |
01°59’10°N |
|
Longitude |
157°20´59"W |
|
Elevation (ft and m) |
6ft / 2m |
|
IATA Code |
CXI |
|
ICAO Code |
PLCH |
|
Managing Company or Airport Authority |
Civil Aviation Authority Kiribati |
|
Management Contact Person |
Ruuta Ioata (riota.am@gmail.com tel.73091580) |
|
Open From (hours) |
Monday 0800 hr |
|
Open To (hours) |
Friday 1615 hr |
Airport Picture
Description and Contacts of Key Companies
The Ministry of Communications, Transport and Tourism is responsible for the administration of the airport. All cargo and baggage handling is the responsibility of Air Kiribati, a private company with offices in Tarawa and Christmas Island.
For more information on airport contacts, please see the following link: 4.5 Airport Companies Contact List
Information on some aviation service providers can be found at: http://www.azfreight.com/
Passenger and Cargo Performance Indicator
The current facility is not adequate for demand (approx. 20% shortfall for both cargo and passenger demand). As part of a World Bank project a new terminal is under construction with completion due by the end of 2018. Baggage and cargo handling equipment is also to be installed to increase capacity. There are also plans to upgrade the runway from 737-800 to airbus capacity. There are marked seasonal variations. 50% of total volumes are done from November - January.
| Performance for 2017 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Per Year |
Per Week | Per Day |
|
Total Aircraft Movements |
156 |
1 x international 2 x domestic |
|
|
Total Passengers |
13,000 in/out | ||
|
Total Capacity of the Airport (MT) |
8,000 | ||
|
Current Activity of the Airport (MT) |
Outbound: 7,000 mt Inbound: not/available |
||
|
Current Use by Humanitarian Flights (UNHAS) |
Nil | ||
Current capacity is limited by facilities. All handling is by manual labour. Upgrades are planned to be completed by the end of 2018.
Runways
The present condition is adequate but nearing the end of its life. Plans are underway for an upgrade that will accommodate up to Airbus size aircraft due for completion by the end of 2018.
|
Runway #1 |
|
|---|---|
|
Runway Dimensions |
2103 m X 45 m |
|
Orientation |
08/26 |
|
Surface |
Asphalt |
Helicopter Pad(s)
There is no designated helicopter landing pad however there is plenty of open space around the terminal and runway area for landing helicopters. Due to the distances over sea to Christmas Island, helicopters are not generally a practical option in this location. Occasional fishing boat helicopters visit and landings are controlled by airport authority.
Airport Infrastructure Details
Equipment is generally regularly and well maintained. Two new fire fighting appliances have recently been added and handling equipment, navigational aids and runway lighting are all part of 2018 planned upgrades.
|
Customs |
Yes |
JET A-1 fuel |
Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Immigration |
Yes |
AVGAS 100 |
Yes |
|
Terminal Building |
Yes |
Single Point Refueling |
No |
|
Passenger Terminal |
Yes |
Air Starter Units |
No |
|
Cargo terminal |
Yes |
Ground Power (mobile) |
Yes |
|
Pax Transport to Airfield |
No |
Ground Handling Services |
Yes |
|
Control Tower |
No |
Latrine Servicing |
No |
|
Weather Facilities |
Yes |
Fire Fighting Category (ICAO) |
Cat 6 |
|
Catering Services |
No |
De-icing Equipment |
n/a |
|
Base Operating Room |
No |
Parking Ramp Lighting |
No |
|
Airport Radar |
No |
Approach & Runway Lights |
No |
|
NDB |
Yes |
VOR |
No |
|
ILS |
PAPI |
|
Airport Operating Details
|
Operating Details |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Maximum Sized Aircraft that can be Offloaded on Bulk Cargo |
737-800 |
||
|
Maximum Sized Aircraft that can be Offloaded on Pallet |
737-800 (Note: offloading is all manual) | ||
|
Total Aircraft Parking Area (m²) |
200m2 (2 aircraft max) | ||
|
Storage Area (m3 and MT) |
2x 20’ containers (upgrade will be to 100m2) | ||
|
Handling Equipment |
|||
|
Elevators / Hi Loaders |
No |
Max Capacity (MT) |
n/a |
|
Max Height (m) |
n/a |
||
|
Loading Ramps |
No |
||
|
Other Comments |
Manual handling only |
||
Customs Guidance
Customs are present and operating in the terminal during airport operating hours for all in and outbound flights. Cargo is cleared same day and there are no issues with customs officials.
For more information on customs in Kiribati, please see the following link: 1.3 Customs Information
Storage Facilities
Storage facilities are extremely limited. There are 2 x 20’ containers. Incoming storage is under customs control. Outgoing storage is controlled by Air Kiribati, the handling company. Rates are detailed in the tables below.
Airfield Costs
Navigation Charges
Under the Civil Aviation Act 2004 (Part V Section 46 and 47) Civil Aviation (Fees and Charges) Regulations 2014 The following fees (table below) are applicable.
|
Charges |
Aircraft Weight - MTOW (kg) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
0 – 5,700 |
5,701 – 15,000 |
15,001 – 40,000 |
40,001 – 50,000 |
Above 50,000 |
||
|
Navigation (per journey) AUD - $ |
Not stated |
Not stated |
Not stated |
Not stated |
Not stated |
|
|
Landing AUD - $ |
15 |
$5.00/1,000kg |
$6.00/1,000kg |
$7.50/1000kg |
$15.00/1000kg |
|
|
Night Landing USD - $ |
N/a |
N/a |
N/a |
N/a |
N/a |
|
|
Night Take-Off USD - $ |
N/a |
N/a |
N/a |
N/a |
N/a |
|
|
Lighting Fee $AUD (where applicable/available) |
$1.20/500kg |
$50.00/take off & $50.00/landing. $100/hour when continuous lighting is required. |
||||
|
Parking $AUD |
$100 for 1st 3 hours and $10/hour thereafter |
|||||
|
Handling Charges |
Not stated |
Not stated |
Not stated |
Not stated |
Not stated |
|
Aircraft involved in search and rescue or those that have applied for exemption from the Minister will be exempt from Landing Fees.
Fuel Services Charges
Fuel service is supplied and prices set by KOIL Ltd.
| Price per Litre USD - $ | |
|---|---|
| Jet A-1 | 1.43 |
| Avgas | 3.37 |
Cargo Terminal Charges
Air Kiribati who are responsible for all cargo handling advise they do not have handling charges and neither do customs.
|
Import Charges |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Type of Charge |
Rate USD - $ per kg |
Comments |
|
Handling Charge |
n/a |
|
|
Break Bulk Fee |
n/a |
|
|
Diplomatic Mail |
n/a |
|
|
Strong Room – per consignment |
n/a |
|
|
Cold Storage Fee |
n/a |
|
|
Delivery Outside Normal Working Hours |
n/a |
|
|
Preparation of substitute AOA – Invoice – Receipt |
n/a |
|
|
Storage per Day |
n/a |
|
|
Export |
||
|
Handling Charges – Un-palletized Cargo |
n/a |
|
|
International Air Waybill |
n/a |
|
|
Local Air Waybill |
n/a |
|
|
Air Way Bill Amendment - Cancellation |
n/a |
|
|
Air Way Bill Documentation |
n/a |
|
|
Diplomatic Mail |
n/a |
|
|
Storage Charges per Day |
n/a |
|
Air-bridge Charges
There is no airbridge.
Security
The airfield is partly fenced, to be completed end of 2018. There is manned security on site 24/7. The airfield does not have a current international security ranking.
2.3 Kiribati Road Network
The main island of Tarawa has 33 km of sealed road and 8 km of feeder roads. It is the lone vehicular transport route on the atoll. Using World Bank Finance, the road has recently been upgraded to provide good access between the seaport of Betio and the airport on Tarawa. it includes footpaths, improved drainage, speed humps, solar street lighting, and road signage. Due to the nature of the low-lying topography, this road is under constant threat of flooding and erosion by the sea.
The Japanese Government is funding an upgrade of the causeway between Tarawa Island and Betio Island. The upgrade will provide wider and less flood-prone access between the Port of Betio, the capital Bairiki, and the rest of Tarawa. It is due for completion by early 2019.
There is no vehicular access to the Northern islands of Tarawa from the south.
Christmas Island has a tar sealed road that circumnavigates the Island that was built by the USA immediately post-war. It is in very good condition and allows good access to all settlements.
Outlying islands have limited crushed coral roads that are generally all weather. Motorbikes are the main form of transport on these islands.
For more information on government contact details, please see the following link: 4.1 Government Contact List
Distance Matrix
|
Bairiki |
Betio Port |
Bikenibeu |
Bonriki Airport |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bairiki |
6 |
17 |
23 |
|
|
Betio Port |
6 |
23 |
29 |
|
|
Bikenibeu |
17 |
23 |
6 |
|
|
Bonriki Airport |
23 |
29 |
6 |
Travel Time Matrix
|
Travel Time from Capital City to Major Towns (minutes) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bairiki |
Betio Port |
Bikenibeu |
Bonriki Airport |
|
|
Bairiki |
20 |
35 |
50 |
|
|
Betio Port |
20 |
55 |
70 |
|
|
Bikenibeu |
35 |
55 |
15 |
|
|
Bonriki Airport |
50 |
70 |
15 |
|
Road Security
Vehicle travel is generally
slow moving (there are regular speed humps) so there is little
danger of high-speed collisions. Surface water or erosion from rain
or high tides is the biggest issue and can often result in
closures. Feeder roads are generally unformed crushed coral tracks
between villages and houses, narrow and unsuitable for heavy
vehicles.
2.5 Kiribati Waterways
HQ to INSERT HERE navigable waterways map from GIS team in Rome.
There are no ‘internal’ waterways in Kiribati however inter-island water transport is the main form of transportation for people and goods in the country.
Ferries and landing craft are used extensively for transportation of people and cargo. Many of the outer islands do not have docking facilities for large ships and therefore landing craft are the preferred option for heavy cargo/vehicles, otherwise transhipment using small boats from ships anchored off the beach is the norm.
For more information on government contact details, please see the following link: 4.1 Government Contact List
Company Information
There are several companies involved in inter-island shipping that provide passenger and cargo options, maintaining competition. There are some ongoing issues with safety as a result of overloading and ageing vessels, however there are a number of new landing craft available capable of carrying 50 – 150 passengers and 150 mt+ to beach locations safely (Kiribati National Shipping Line and Lu’s Marine). Kiribati National Shipping Line is negotiating to purchase a 170 mt specialist fuel-carrying (International Marine Pollution Standard) landing craft.
For more information on waterway company contact details, please see the following link: 4.4 Port and Waterways Companies Contact List
|
Passenger Carrying Capacity |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Oceanic Shipping |
Kiribati National Shipping Line |
Lu’s Marine |
|
|
Number of Passenger Vessels < 20 Passengers |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Number of Passenger Vessels < 50 Passengers |
2 1 x 30 1 x 39 |
1 x 50 (see Landing Craft below) |
0 |
|
Number of Passenger Vessels < 100 Passengers |
0 |
0 |
1 x 80 1 x 70 |
|
Number of Passenger Vessels > 100 Passengers |
0 |
1 x 150 (see Landing Craft below) |
0 |
|
Cargo Carrying Capacity |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Oceanic Shipping |
Kiribati National Shipping Line |
Lu’s Marine |
||
|
Boats |
||||
|
Number of Boats |
0 |
0 |
3 |
|
|
Tonnage / Volume Carrying Capacity (MT / m3) |
0 |
0 |
2 x 50 mt (+80 Pax each) 1 x 70 mt |
|
|
Landing Craft |
||||
|
Number of Landing Craft |
2 |
2 |
0 |
|
|
Tonnage / Volume Carrying Capacity (MT / m3) |
1 x 100 mt 1 x 160 mt |
2 x 200 mt |
0 |
|
|
Tugs |
||||
|
Number of Tugs |
N/a |
N/a |
N/a |
|
|
Tonnage / Volume Carrying Capacity (MT / m3) |
N/a |
N/a |
N/a |
|
Travel Time Matrix
Use an average shipping speed of 4-5 knots.
2.6 Kiribati Storage Assessment
In the capital, Bairiki, there is some limited commercial storage that is generally used by the owners who have wholesale food and hardware operations. There is limited permanent storage capacity at the ports and airports. 20 feet containers are the preferred option.
Every village has a meeting house (Maneaba) and whilst they are not secure against pests, they can provide shelter for short-term storage of food and NFIs. Additionally, in most villages there are churches and schools that can provide more secure storage space.
20 foot containers are the main secure storage used in Tarawa and on Christmas Island. They are readily available and easily transported to these locations.
The outer islands have some limited storage available that generally satisfies current requirements.
In general the country’s storage infrastructure is not well developed and there are few specialist storage facilities available however the use 20 foot containers satisfies current demand.
Commercial Storage
There are few specialist commercial storage operations. Most of those present with storage capacity are using 20 foot containers and will add more if required. It is suggested that humanitarian agencies arriving in-country consider bringing their own containers filled with supplies.
Storage Used by Humanitarian Organisations
The humanitarian organisations present - Red Cross, UNICEF, UNFPA, UNDP and UN Women - all rely on 20 foot containers for storage. It is limited and they have no capacity to share space.
|
Location |
Organization |
Sharing Possibility |
Capacity (MT / m² / m³) |
Type [1] |
Access [2] |
Condition [3] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Betio |
Red Cross |
No |
3 x 20 foot container |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
|
South Tarawa |
UNICEF, UNFPA, UNDP and UNWOMAN |
No |
2 x 20 foot container |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
[1] Warehouse Type: Open storage,
container, rub-hall, silo, concrete, other, unspecified
[2] Warehouse Access: Raised-siding,
flat
[3] Warehouse condition: Appears intact,
appears damaged, under construction/repair
Public Sector Storage
There is no public sector storage available.
Cold Chain
There are no commercial cold chain storage options other than those being used by fishing companies for their own requirements.