1 Indonesia Country Profile
Indonesia is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It encompasses 33 provinces and 1 Special Administrative Region (for being governed by a pre-colonial monarchy) with over 238 million people, making it the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia's republic form of government comprises an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta.
Additional information about Indonesia can be found at http://www.indonesia.go.id/en
Find the country in the generic links below:
Wikipedia Information on Indonesia
Economist Intelligence Unit information on Indonesia*
(*note - this is a paid service)
Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation information on Indonesia
Central Bureau of Statistics information on Indonesia
Meteorological, Climate and Geophysical Agency information on Indonesia
Government of Indonesia Web Portal
Humanitarian Info:
UNOCHA information on Indonesia
Indonesia Board for Disaster Management
ReliefWeb information on Indonesia
Facts and Figures:
WolframAlpha information on Indonesia
1.1 Indonesia Humanitarian Background
Indonesia Humanitarian Background
Indonesia is one of the
world's most susceptible nations to natural disasters, with more
than 600,000 people a year suffering from their consequences (2009
UN Global Assessment on Disaster Risk Reduction). In the first
quarter of 2011 alone, Indonesia experienced 67 significant
earthquakes (5.0 magnitude or higher). Volcanic eruptions,
flooding, landslides and tsunamis are continual threats. Disaster
resilience and management is therefore a top agenda item for the
Government of Indonesia and its international partners, including
the UN. (Source: UNPDF
Website
http://www.un.or.id)
Disasters, Conflicts and Migration |
||
---|---|---|
Natural Disasters |
Yes / No |
Comments / Details |
Drought |
Yes | Drought conditions have been experienced as a result of climate change and the El Nino phenomenon and can have an impact on economic growth and food security. |
Earthquakes |
Yes |
Indonesia is a meeting place of three active tectonic plates, the Indo Australian plate to the south, the Euro Asian plate to the north and the Pacific plate in the east. The subduction zone can be traced from northern tip of Sumatra until the Lesser Islands and it creates a deep submarine trench. Most of the earthquakes are related to this seduction zone. |
Epidemics |
Yes |
Malaria and Dengue Fever can be found in certain areas within Indonesia. Avian flu is also a potential important risk, for which a specific UN contingency plan is in place. Outbreaks of Avian Influenza in poultry may raise public health concerns due to their effect on poultry populations, their potential to cause serious disease in people, and their pandemic potential . |
Extreme Temperatures |
No | n/a |
Flooding |
Yes | Several provinces and lowlands throughout Indonesia are prone to flooding. As a result of tropical rainfall, especially east of North Sumatra, North of West Java, Borneo, South Sulawesi and South Papua and parts of Jakarta, Semarang and Banjarmasin. |
Insect Infestation |
No | n/a |
Mudslides |
Yes | Landslides occurring as a result of heavy rainfall, volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. Several provinces and lowlands throughout Indonesia are prone to mudslides. |
Volcanic Eruptions |
Yes | Indonesia experiences frequent volcanic eruptions. Indonesia has more than 500 volcanoes with 129 that are active. So far in 2014 there have been two significant eruptions in Mount Sinabung and Mount Kelud. Mount Merapi eruption in 2010 killed more than 300 persons. |
High Waves / Surges |
Yes | Tsunamis occurring as a result of earthquakes with an epicentre in the ocean have occurred in Indonesia. All districts and cities located on the coast of Aceh, on the Western coast of Sumatra Island, on the Southern coast of Java Island and the Northern coast of Papua are prone to devastating tsunamis. Other areas might face tsunamis, coming from Japan and Latin America. Tidal surges can occur during the Spring tides throughout the country. |
Wildfires |
Yes | Fires and large-scale smoke and haze due to land clearing activities occur seasonally within Indonesia. They can have an impact on Indonesia as well as neighbouring countries. |
High Winds |
No | n/a |
Other Comments |
No | |
Man-Made Issues |
||
Civil Strife |
Yes | n/a |
International Conflict |
No | n/a |
Internally Displaced Persons |
No | n/a |
Refugees Present |
No | n/a |
Landmines / UXO Present |
No | n/a |
Other Comments |
No |
[1] UNPDF Website http://www.un.or.id
[1] Further information can be found in regards to the UN contingency plans for Avian Flu at - http://www.who.int/hac/crises/idn/en/ or http://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/country/idn/en/
For more detailed database on disasters by country, please see the Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters:
http://www.emdat.be/country-profile
Further information in regards to disasters and preparedness measures that are being undertaken by the Indonesian Government can be found at the following BNPB related websites:
- BNPB Geospatial : http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id - This website functioned as a map distribution center created and updated by Data and Information Center and Public Relations BNPB.
- BNPB Disaster Events’ Data and Information (DIBI) : http://dibi.bnpb.go.id - DIBI supports BNPB in terms of improving disaster response capabilities both at central and provincial levels.
- BNPB Geographic Information System (GIS) : http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id/web-gis
- Disaster Monitoring : http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id/web-gis/pantauan-bencana
- Interactive Preparedness Maps : http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id/mapprb
- Interactive Disaster Response Maps : http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id/maptd
Calamities and Seasonal Affects
Seasonal Affects on Transport | ||
---|---|---|
Transport |
Comments |
From (month) to (month) |
Primary Road Transport |
Roads can be affected by national disasters including the impact of the wet season, e.g. heavy rain, flood, landslides and mudslides | Nov - Mar |
Secondary Road Transport |
Roads can be affected by national disasters including the impact of the wet season, e.g. heavy rain, flood, landslides and mudslides | Nov - Mar |
Rail Transport |
The rail network is limited throughout Indonesia, therefore seasonal impacts are minimal. | |
Air Transport |
Bottlenecks can occur during Eid and Hajj festivals. Poor weather conditions in rainy season. |
1-2 weeks before and after Eid festival and 1 week around Hajj festival (Hijriah calendar). Nov - Mar |
Waterway Transport |
n/a | n/a |
Seasonal Affects on Storage and Handling (economic, social, climate...) |
||
---|---|---|
Activity |
Comments |
From <month> to <month> |
Storage |
Ramadan, Eid and Haj festivals period is a peak of activity, trade and trips; this may lead to congestions, increase in handling, transport and storage costs, with difficulties in securing labourers. |
1-2 weeks before and after Eid festival and 1 week around Hajj festival (Hijriah calendar). |
Handling |
Ramadan, Eid and Haj festivals period is a peak of activity, trade and trips; this may lead to congestions, increase in handling, transport and storage costs, with difficulties in securing labourers |
1-2 weeks before and after Eid festival and 1 week around Hajj festival (Hijriah calendar). |
Other |
n/a |
n/a |
Capacity and Contacts for In-Country Emergency Response
Government
Disaster Risk Management is a Government of Indonesia priority,
as reflected in the Disaster Management Laws issued in 2007, 2008
and 2010, the Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN 2010-2014), the
National action plan for disaster risk reduction 2010-2012 and most
recently, the President’s Master Plan for Tsunami Risk Reduction
(2013-2019, BNPB 2012).
The Government has significantly strengthened the framework for
disaster prevention, preparedness and response by:
- Establishing the National Disaster Management System (law 24, 2007);
- Forming the National Disaster Management Board (BNPB, Presidential Regulation No.8, 2008);
- Regulating the acceptance of international assistance (law 22, 2010);
- Focusing on enhancing its capacity, and that of local communities, to mitigate risks and to handle forest fires and other hazards;
- Creation of a rapid action team for handling natural disasters;
- By Strengthening the Tsunami Early Warning System and the Weather Early Warning System.
The Indonesian Government has realized the importance of a
disaster management system to anticipate and respond to disasters.
The aim was to build a reliable system of disaster relief which may
include several areas that must be strengthened up to the level of
legislation, institutional, financing, planning, science and
technology in the implementation of disaster management.
Development of a disaster management system is an ongoing activity
that was strengthened by the passing of law number 24 in 2007 which
documented the nation's commitment to Indonesia in protecting the
citizens from disasters.
The Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) was created and
has the functions of coordinator and commander during emergency
responses. BNPB is supported by ministers and other government
authorities, meanwhile at local level it is supported by BPBD
(Provincial Disaster Management Agency) and local government.
Currently all BPBD Offices have been established in 33 provinces
within Indonesia. National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) is a
non-department governmental agency headed by a ministerial-level
official. This institution is directly responsible to the President
of Indonesia.
The mission of the BNPB is to:
- Protect the nation from disasters threats through risk reduction
- Establish a reliable disaster management system.
- Conduct a planned, integrated, coordinated and comprehensive disaster management response
In case of disasters the provincial level BPBD’s are responsible to respond. The governor should establish an Area Command centre (AC) and appoints a commander (often a person from TNI or BPBD). The AC establishes Incident Command centres (IC) per city (or district) affected, with a commander in charge (see figure National disaster management coordination structure). In case of a large disaster the governor requests national assistance from the BPBD. The BPBD then establishes a Multi-Agency Coordination Centre (MAC). In case the disaster impact exceeds the national capacity to respond, as per law 22, the Min. of Foreign Affairs requests International Assistance or issues a statement “that foreign assistance is welcomed”. BPBD reports to the President. The Governor reports to the Ministry of Home Affairs and this Ministry reports to the President as well.
For information on Indonesia government emergency response , please see the following:
National Disaster Management Coordination Staff Structure
National Disaster Management Coordination Structure
For information on Indonesia Government contact details, please see the following link:
4.2.1 Indonesia Government Contact List
4.2.2 Indonesia Humanitarian Contact Lists
Humanitarian Community
During a BNPB/OCHA workshop in February 2014 BNPB announced that it will adopt a national cluster system modelled on the IASC cluster system but adjusted to the national context. Relevant ministries have been assigned as cluster leads. The TOR of each cluster, exact roles and responsibilities have not yet been finalized (as of March 2014).
WFP is global cluster lead for the IASC Logistics and Food security clusters. The Government of Indonesia creation of national clusters that relate to these sectors are the Economy cluster for food security, the Health cluster for nutrition, the Logistics cluster plus Structure and Infrastructure cluster for Logistics. During the Mentawai Megathrust exercise (17-22 Mar 2014) it was evident that the logistics functions currently under Structure and Infrastructure, were in fact discussed and coordinated by the Logistics cluster. There is no separate national food security & nutrition cluster. During disasters in Indonesia the Ministry of Social Affairs normally provides quickly adequate food rations from stock piles prepositioned in warehouses across the country.
National cluster system (as of 26 Feb 2014)
Clusters | Cluster Lead | IASC Cluster (co-)Lead |
---|---|---|
Education | Min. o. Education & Culture | UNICEF/Save the Children |
Displacement & Protection* | Min. o. Social Affairs | UNHCR/IFRC. (incl: Camp management, Protection) |
Health | Min. o. Health / Centre for Health crisis | WHO (incl: Nutrition) |
Logistics | Min. o. Social Affairs / BNPB dep. For logistics & equipment | WFP |
Structure & Infrastructure* | Min. o. Public Works | UNICEF/WFP (incl: WASH, Telecommunications) |
Economy | Min. o. agriculture / Min. o. Cooperatives & enterprises | FAO/WFP (incl: food security) |
Search & Rescue | BASARNAS | n/a |
Early Recovery | Not yet fully agreed | n/a |
*)- “Displacement & Protection” includes protection and shelter and camp management issues.
- “Structure & Infrastructure” includes Telecommunication infrastructure, water & sanitation infrastructure, transport access and debris clearance.
UN Support for Disaster Management:
- The UN is playing a crucial role in the establishment and implementation of the Indonesia Multi Donor Fund Facility for Disaster Recovery (IMDFF-DR).
- The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) supports regular capacity development training sessions for staff of the national disaster management agency, BNPB.
- Logistics challenges can be a major obstacle to delivering a rapid and effective response to disasters. WFP works at the provincial levels in Aceh, Papua and NTT to build up the logistics capacity of the local authorities.
- UNDP works to make integrate disaster risk reduction (DRR) into the development programmes in Indonesia. The "Safer Communities for Disaster Risk Reduction" programme, in several regions, aims to ensure that development planning accounts for increased disaster risk.
For information on Indonesia Humanitarian contact details, please see the following link:
1.1.1 Indonesia Papua Humanitarian Background
Indonesia Papua Humanitarian Background
Disasters, Conflicts and Migration |
||
---|---|---|
Natural Disasters |
Yes / No |
Comments / Details |
Drought |
Yes |
Although not a common occurrence, droughts have been experienced which have had significant impact on the farming communities. |
Earthquakes |
Yes |
Earthquakes have been experienced in several locations of the Northern and Central parts of Papua. |
Epidemics |
Yes |
Malaria is common in the Papua province. |
Extreme Temperatures |
Yes |
n/a |
Flooding |
Yes |
Flooding occurs regularly in several locations within Papua as a consequence of the climate change. Floods occur on a yearly basis in Baliem Valley, Merauke and as well as in the Southern marshes area. |
Insect Infestation |
No |
n/a |
Mudslides |
Yes |
Due to its climate and geographical reality, landslides occur very regularly in the province. |
Volcanic Eruptions |
No |
n/a |
High Waves / Surges |
Yes |
Tsunamis were recorded in several locations within Papua: Biak, Supiori, Waropen, Yapen in 1996 Jayapura in 1998 |
Wildfires |
No |
n/a |
High Winds |
No |
n/a |
Other Comments |
N/A |
n/a |
Man-Made Issues |
||
Civil Strife |
Yes |
The area is, from time to time, the scene of violent episodes between separatists, local populations and populations from other regions (including from PNG). |
International Conflict |
No |
n/a |
Internally Displaced Persons |
No |
n/a |
Refugees Present |
No |
n/a |
Landmines / UXO Present |
No |
n/a |
Other Comments |
N/A |
n/a |
For more detailed database on disasters by country, please see the Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters:
EMDAT Website Information for Indonesia
Calamities and Seasonal Affects
Seasonal Effects on Transport |
||
---|---|---|
Transport |
Comments |
From (month) to (month) |
Primary Road Transport |
Floods and bad weather conditions can lead to landslides and washaways for primary roads. |
November - April |
Secondary Road Transport |
Floods and bad weather conditions can lead to landslides and washaways for secondary roads. |
November - April |
Rail Transport |
There is no railway in Papua. |
n/a |
Air Transport |
The weather can change quickly in the mountains. This can have consequences on the daily air traffic due to poor visibility or waterlogged runways. |
All year round |
Waterway Transport |
n/a | n/a |
Seasonal Effects on Storage and Handling (economic, social, climate…) |
||
---|---|---|
Activity |
Comments |
From <month> to <month> |
Storage |
Christmas period is a peak of activity, trade and trips which can lead to problems, congestions, etc. |
November-December |
Handling |
Christmas period is a peak of activity, trade and trips which can lead to problems, congestions, etc. |
November-December |
Other |
n/a | n/a |
Capacity and Contacts for In-Country Emergency Response
Government
The Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (herein after referred to BPBD) has offices in Jayapura as well as the following locations throughout Papua province :
Kabutapen Keerom Kabutapen Sarmi Kabutapen Biak Numfor Kabutapen Dogai Kabutapen Yapen Kabutapen Waropen Kabutapen Nabire Kabutapen Paniai Kabutapen Mimika |
Kabutapen Yahukimo Kabutapen Pancak Yaya Kabutapen Lany Jaya Kabutapen Intan Jaya Kabutapen Peg Bintang Kabutapen Tolikara Kabutapen Mamberamo Raya Kabupaten Supiori Kabutapen Jayawijaya |
There is currently no BPBD office in Merauke as it is considered to be a low risk area.
There is also a BNPB warehouse is situated due east of the centre of Jayapura. The warehouse is part of a larger warehouse that has been split into two sections with a dividing wall separating each area. The warehouse area is 1500m2 with limited access and no equipment.
Basarnas (Search and Rescue) is also present in Papua Province. The main office is in Jayapura (close to the Sentani Airport). There are additional offices in Biak, Sorong, Timika, Merauke and Manokwari.
The TNI will also be an essential component of any emergency response in Papua. Biak Island accommodates many TNI corps, including Marine and Special Forces. These units manage equipment and facilities, including planes, helicopters, boats, warehouses, communication and energy systems.
Throughout the province, managing EMOPs with TNI can only be done through coordination with the local authorities.
For information on Indonesia Papua Government contact details, please see the following link:
Humanitarian Community
The humanitarian community in Papua province is made up of UN, INGOs, NGOs and the PMI. The majority of these agencies are based in Jayapura. Programmes are centred on children’s health, as well as on-going development activities.
For information on Indonesia Papua Humanitarian contact details, please see the following link:
1.1.2 Aceh and Northern Sumatra Humanitarian Background
Aceh and Northern Sumatra Humanitarian Background
Disasters, Conflicts and Migration |
||
---|---|---|
Natural Disasters |
Yes / No |
Comments / Details |
Drought |
Yes |
Districts in the lowlands of Aceh province have previously experienced droughts, as recently as in 2005 and 2008. |
Earthquakes |
Yes |
All districts and cities throughout Aceh province were experienced the earthquakes, especially for the districts and cities located in the west coast of Aceh. |
Epidemics |
Yes |
Several districts and cities located in the lowlands of Aceh have experienced an epidemic of Dengue fever in 1992 and 2005. |
Extreme Temperatures |
Yes |
|
Flooding |
Yes |
Several districts and cities located in the lowlands of Aceh are prone to flooding. |
Insect Infestation |
No |
|
Mudslides |
Yes |
Several districts located in the mountains of Aceh are prone to landslides especially with the impact of heavy rains or flood. |
Volcanic Eruptions |
Yes |
As recently as February 2014 with the eruption of Mount Sinabung, there have been volcanic eruptions which have caused a loss of life and damage to property. |
High Waves / Surges |
Yes |
All districts and cities located in the west coast of Aceh and some districts and cities located in the east coast of Aceh have experienced hit by tsunami that triggered from mega earthquake such as Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. Simeulue and Banyak islands face the greatest potential risk for tsunami in Aceh province. |
Wildfires |
Yes |
Several districts located in the lowlands of Aceh province have experienced forest fires including in Aceh Timur in 2009 and Aceh Besar in 2011. |
High Winds |
Yes |
All districts located in the coastal areas have experienced wind storms. The latest wind storm to hit Aceh province was in 2009. |
Other Comments |
||
Man-Made Issues |
||
Civil Strife |
Yes |
Aceh province experienced a very long conflict between armed civilians and military for approximately 30 years. A peace agreement between the Free Aceh Movements (GAM) and the Government of Indonesia was signed in 2006. |
International Conflict |
No |
|
Internally Displaced Persons |
No |
|
Refugees Present |
No |
|
Landmines / UXO Present |
No |
|
Other Comments |
For more detailed database on disasters by country, please see the Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters:
EMDAT information for Indonesia
Calamities and Seasonal Affects
Seasonal Effects on Transport |
||
---|---|---|
Transport |
Comments |
From (month) to (month) |
Primary Road Transport |
Most of the logistics bottlenecks in primary roads are due to road and bridge maintenance. Natural disasters, including heavy rain, floods, landslides, etc. can have an impact on the road network. Congestion and lack of resources occurs during Eid festival at the end of Ramadan |
All year round.
Likely during rainy season September to April.
1-2 weeks before and after Eid festival (Hijriah calendar). |
Secondary Road Transport |
Most of logistics bottlenecks in primary roads are due to road and bridge maintenance. Natural disasters, including heavy rain, floods, landslides, etc. can have an impact on the road network. |
All year round.
Likely during rainy season September to April. |
Rail Transport |
Natural disasters, including heavy rain, floods, landslides, etc. can have an impact on the rail network. |
October - April |
Air Transport |
Bottlenecks during Eid and Hajj festivals.
Poor weather conditions in rainy season. |
1-2 weeks before and after Eid festival (Hijriah calendar).
Likely during rainy season September to April. |
Waterway Transport |
Seasonal Effects on Storage and Handling (economic, social, climate…) |
||
---|---|---|
Activity |
Comments |
From <month> to <month> |
Storage |
Ramadan, Eid and Haj festivals period is a peak of activity, trade and trips; this may lead to congestions, increase in handling, transport and storage costs, with difficulties in securing labourers. |
1-2 weeks before and after Eid festival and 1 week around Hajj festival (Hijriah calendar). |
Handling |
Ramadan, Eid and Haj festivals period is a peak of activity, trade and trips; this may lead to congestions, increase in handling, transport and storage costs, with difficulties in securing labourers. |
1-2 weeks before and after Eid festival and 1 week around Hajj festival (Hijriah calendar). |
Other |
Capacity and Contacts for In-Country Emergency Response
Government
The Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) was created and has the functions of coordinator and commander during emergency responses. BNPB is supported by ministers and other government authorities, meanwhile at local level it is supported by BPBD (Provincial Disaster Management Agency) and local government. Currently all BPBD Offices have been established in 33 provinces within Indonesia. National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) is a non-department governmental agency headed by a ministerial-level official. This institution is directly responsible to the President of Indonesia.
All BPBD offices in Aceh province are headed by District/City
Secretary (Sekda) and under coordination of Aceh Disaster
Management Agency (BPBA). Currently all districts and cities in
Aceh province have established the Disaster Management Agency
(BPBD) offices.
The main roles of BPBDs in Aceh province are:
- To inform and coordinate with BPBA on any disasters happen at the region.
- To respond on disasters happened at the region in close coordination with all local government institutions involved on disaster management.
The provincial locations of the BPBD in Aceh, Nias Island and Medan are :
Banda Aceh
Sabang
Aceh Basar
Pidie
Pidie Jaya
Bireuen
Lhokseumawe
Aceh Ulatra
Aceh Timur
Langsa
Aceh Tamiang
Gayo Lues
Aceh Tenggara
Aceh Jaya
Aceh Barat
Nagan Raya
Aceh Barat Daya
Aceh Selatan
Simeulue
Subulussalam
Aceh Singkil
Bener Meriah
Aceh Tengah
Gunung Sitoli
Nias
Nias Selatan
Medan
Humanitarian Community
The activities of the humanitarian community in the Aceh province generally focussed on the recovery and reconstruction post the tsunami and earthquake of 2004. In addition there is also active programmes in relation to the emergency response for the Mount Sinabung eruption of 2014.
For information on Indonesia humanitarian contact details, please see the following link:
1.1.3 Indonesia Bali Humanitarian Background
Indonesia Bali Humanitarian Background
Disasters, Conflicts and Migration |
||
---|---|---|
Natural Disasters |
Yes / No |
Comments / Details |
Drought |
Yes |
n/a |
Earthquakes |
Yes |
n/a |
Epidemics |
Yes |
n/a |
Extreme Temperatures |
No |
n/a |
Flooding |
Yes |
n/a |
Insect Infestation |
No |
n/a |
Mudslides |
Yes |
n/a |
Volcanic Eruptions |
Yes |
n/a |
High Waves / Surges |
Yes |
n/a |
Wildfires |
No |
n/a |
High Winds |
No |
n/a |
Other Comments |
n/a | n/a |
Man-Made Issues |
||
Civil Strife |
No |
n/a |
International Conflict |
No |
n/a |
Internally Displaced Persons |
No |
n/a |
Refugees Present |
No |
n/a |
Landmines / UXO Present |
No |
n/a |
Other Comments |
n/a | n/a |
For more detailed database on disasters by country, please see the Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters:
Calamities and Seasonal Affects
Seasonal Affects on Transport |
||
---|---|---|
Transport |
Comments |
From (month) to (month) |
Primary Road Transport |
Roads and bridges can be awash which results in a delay in transit. Road networks are heavily congested most of the year. |
December – April |
Secondary Road Transport |
Roads (dirt and secondary) may be impassable for short periods of time due to water and possible landslides. Road networks are heavily congested most of the year. |
December – April |
Rail Transport |
No Rail network in Bali. |
Not Applicable |
Air Transport |
Air schedules may delayed by adverse weather conditions. |
Intermittent throughout the year |
Waterway Transport |
Adverse sea and weather conditions due to spring tides and winds can impact on sea ferry services. |
Intermittent throughout the year |
As is the case throughout Indonesia the rainy season can have an impact on logistics operations due to flooding or mudslides. The roads in Bali are also heavily congested throughout most of the year, therefore transit times should be adjusted accordingly.
Seasonal Affects on Storage and Handling (economic, social, climate…) |
||
---|---|---|
Activity |
Comments |
From <month> to <month> |
Storage |
Warehouses need to be regularly vented during the rainy period. |
December – April |
Handling |
Port and warehouse handling may be delayed due to the rains. |
December – April |
Other |
Damage to cargo from the wet season is highly likely. Therefore all cargo must be sufficiently covered to keep it in good condition. |
December – April |
Capacity and Contacts for In-Country Emergency Response
Government
The Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) was created and
has the functions of coordinator and commander during emergency
responses. BNPB is supported by ministers and other government
authorities, meanwhile at local level it is supported by BPBD
(Provincial Disaster Management Agency) and local government.
Currently all BPBD Offices have been established in 33 provinces
within Indonesia. National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) is a
non-department governmental agency headed by a ministerial-level
official. This institution is directly responsible to the President
of Indonesia.
The provincial office for BPBD has been established in Bali and is
currently operating to respond to emergencies. They have
representative offices situated in the following locations in Bali
:
District | Capital Town |
---|---|
Badung Regency | Mangupura |
Bangli Regency | Bangli |
Buleleng Regency | Singaraja |
Denpasar City | Denpasar |
Gianyar Regency | Gianyar |
Jembrana Regency | Negara |
Karangasem Regency | Amlapura |
Klungkung Regency | Semarapura |
Tabanan Regency | Tabanan |
A contingency plan has been developed locally which outlines the official role and procedures of BPBD when responding to emergencies in Bali. As with other BPBD’s located throughout the country there is a substantial amount of equipment that has been procured by the Indonesian Government for use during the emergency response. Refer to attachments for a list of the equipment.
In addition to BPBD, there is also search and rescue capability in Bali from Basarnas (SAR). They provide the operational assistance in search and rescue activities from sea or shipping disasters, air disasters or other as required.
Humanitarian Community
The humanitarian community in Bali is supported by the activities of the PMI (Indonesian Red Cross) and other NGO’s. In addition, UNDSS has a local security assistant available for support if required.
Refer to the following link for the contact list of humanitarian agencies working in Bali.
1.1.4 Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Humanitarian Background
Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Humanitarian Background
Disasters, Conflicts and Migration |
||
---|---|---|
Natural Disasters |
Yes / No |
Comments / Details |
Drought |
Yes |
Due to climate change, NTB has been experiencing periods of drought. |
Earthquakes |
Yes |
An earthquake in 2009 was centred on Sumbawa Island. |
Epidemics |
Yes |
Dengue fever and malaria are known issues throughout the province. |
Extreme Temperatures |
No |
|
Flooding |
Yes |
Flooding occurs on a regular basis. |
Insect Infestation |
No |
|
Mudslides |
Yes |
Landslides can occur during the rainy season. |
Volcanic Eruptions |
Yes |
Volcanic activity is common. |
High Waves / Surges |
Yes |
Adverse sea conditions (i.e. surging waves) may occur during the rainy season). |
Wildfires |
No |
n/a |
High Winds |
No |
n/a |
Other Comments |
n/a | n/a |
Man-Made Issues |
||
Civil Strife |
No |
n/a |
International Conflict |
No |
n/a |
Internally Displaced Persons |
No |
n/a |
Refugees Present |
No |
n/a |
Landmines / UXO Present |
No |
n/a |
Other Comments |
n/a | n/a |
For more detailed database on disasters by country, please see the Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters:
Calamities and Seasonal Affects
Seasonal Affects on Transport |
||
---|---|---|
Transport |
Comments |
From (month) to (month) |
Primary Road Transport |
Delays may occur due to washaways, flooding or landslides during the rainy season. |
October - April |
Secondary Road Transport |
Delays may occur due to washaways, flooding or landslides during the rainy season. |
October - April |
Rail Transport |
N/A |
N/A |
Air Transport |
Adverse weather conditions may result in delays. |
October – April |
Waterway Transport |
Adverse sea and weather conditions may impact ferry services. |
October - April |
Seasonal Affects on Storage and Handling (economic, social, climate…) |
||
---|---|---|
Activity |
Comments |
From <month> to <month> |
Storage |
NTB experiences high humidity so items in storage should be well ventilated. |
All year round |
Handling |
The rainy season may impact the timely loading/off-loading of cargo. |
October - April |
Other |
n/a | n/a |
Capacity and Contacts for In-Country Emergency Response
Government
The Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) was created and has the functions of coordinator and commander during emergency responses. BNPB is supported by ministers and other government authorities, meanwhile at local level it is supported by BPBD (Provincial Disaster Management Agency) and local government. Currently all BPBD Offices have been established in 33 provinces within Indonesia. National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) is a non-department governmental agency headed by a ministerial-level official. This institution is directly responsible to the President of Indonesia.
The BPBD has been established at the provincial level and is based in Mataram the capital of NTB. Other BPBDs at district level have been established in :
- Lombok Barat
- Lombok Tengah
- Lombok Utara
- Lombok Timur
- Sumbawa
- Sumbawa Barat
- Dompu district
- Bima district
- Bima city
- Mataram
Basarnas (Search and Rescue) is also present in NTB Province. The main office is in Mataram and there are sub-offices in Kayangan and Bima districts.
Humanitarian Community
There are currently no UN organisations operating in NTB. However, there are NGO’s such as PMI operating in the province.
For ocntact details, please see the following links:
1.1.5 Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Humanitarian Background
Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Humanitarian Background
Disasters, Conflicts and Migration |
||
---|---|---|
Natural Disasters |
Yes / No |
Comments / Details |
Drought |
Yes |
There was a drought in West Timor in 2003. |
Earthquakes |
Yes |
Throughout 2010 there were a number of minor earthquakes in Flores and Kupang. |
Epidemics |
Yes |
Dengue fever has been identified in several districts. |
Extreme Temperatures |
No |
n/a |
Flooding |
Yes |
Flooding occurs on a regular basis through the rainy season. |
Insect Infestation |
No |
n/a |
Mudslides |
Yes |
Mudslides occur on a regular basis through the rainy season. |
Volcanic Eruptions |
Yes |
Volcanic eruptions have been experienced in the Sikka district. |
High Waves / Surges |
No |
n/a |
Wildfires |
No |
n/a |
High Winds |
No |
n/a |
Other Comments |
n/a | n/a |
Man-Made Issues |
||
Civil Strife |
No |
n/a |
International Conflict |
No |
n/a |
Internally Displaced Persons |
No |
n/a |
Refugees Present |
No |
n/a |
Landmines / UXO Present |
No |
n/a |
Other Comments |
N/A |
n/a |
For more detailed database on disasters by country, please see the Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters:
Calamities and Seasonal Affects
Seasonal Affects on Transport |
||
---|---|---|
Transport |
Comments |
From (month) to (month) |
Primary Road Transport |
During the month of December especially during the preparation for Christmas, there can be a quite significant movement of people from the districts to the province capital. In addition, the rainy season can result in flooding which can affect access to the smaller bridges. |
November - April |
Secondary Road Transport |
During the month of December especially during the preparation for Christmas, there can be a quite significant movement of people from the districts to the province capital. In addition, the rainy season can result in flooding which can affect access to the smaller bridges. |
November - April |
Rail Transport |
N/A |
N/A |
Air Transport |
During the Christmas and New Year season, bad weather due to rainy season may have an effect on the reliability of air transport. Demand for flights is high which can impact the cost of tickets. |
December - January |
Waterway Transport |
Sea Transportation is considered the most accessible mode of transportation by many, thus there is significant passengers increase at the port for those celebrating the Idul Fitri and Christmas. |
August (for Idul Fitri) & December (for Christmas) |
Seasonal Affects on Storage and Handling (economic, social, climate…) |
||
---|---|---|
Activity |
Comments |
From <month> to <month> |
Storage |
The Christmas festival period is a peak of activity, trade and trips. This may lead to problems such as traffic congestion, handling cost increases, transportation shortages and increase in the cost of storage. |
December - January |
Handling |
The Christmas festival period is a peak of activity, trade and trips. This may lead to problems such as traffic congestion, handling cost increases, transportation shortages and increase in the cost of storage. |
December - January |
Other |
n/a | n/a |
Capacity and Contacts for In-Country Emergency Response
Government
The Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) was created and has the functions of coordinator and commander during emergency responses. BNPB is supported by ministers and other government authorities, meanwhile at local level it is supported by BPBD (Provincial Disaster Management Agency) and local government. Currently all BPBD Offices have been established in 33 provinces within Indonesia. National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) is a non-department governmental agency headed by a ministerial-level official. This institution is directly responsible to the President of Indonesia.
The BPBD has been established at the provincial level and is based in Kupang the capital of NTT. Other BPBDs at district level have been established in :
Manggarai Timur |
Ende |
Nagekeo |
Rote Ndao |
Sumba Barat Daya |
Sikka |
Manggarai Barat |
Alor |
Lembata |
Timur Tengah Utara |
Sumba Barat |
Timur Tengah Selatan |
Sumba Timur |
Kota Kupang |
Manggarai | Kupang |
Ngada | n/a |
NOTE: The BPBD office in Kupang is currently developing a contingency plan that focuses on the two most likely natural disasters – earthquakes and landslides. As part of this process they are disaster mapping the most likely prone areas in the province.
Humanitarian Community
There are UN agencies as well as INGO’s operating in the NTT province. Refer to contact list for further information.
1.2 Indonesia Regulatory Departments
Indonesia Regulatory Departments
For information on Indonesia regulatory department contact details, please see the following link:
4.1 Indonesia Government Contact List
The following agencies are involved in the regulatory framework in Indonesia :
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanam National (BPOM) National agency of food and drug control
The agency is responsible for the legislation, regulation and standardisation of food and pharmaceuticals in Indonesia. This includes pre-market evaluation of goods and post-marketing monitoring of product samples, production and distribution facilities. Additional responsibilities include public communication and education in cases where a public warning may be required.
Directorate of Social-Cultural Affairs and International Organizations of Developing Countries
The Directorate of Socio-cultural Affairs and International Organization of Developing Countries carries out duties regarding socio-cultural issues and international organizations of developing countries. This includes the registration of International Non-Government Organizations (INGO’s).
Directorate General for Post and Telecommunication
The Directorate General for Post and Telecommunication (Direktorat jenderal Pos dan Telekomunikasi) (http://kominfo.go.id) is part of the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Departemen Komunikasi dan Informatika) and is the regulatory authority for telecommunications.
Ministry of Transportation
In Indonesia, civil aviation is placed under the management of the Directorate General Civil Aviation of the Ministry of Transportation. It is split into two directorates – Directorate of Air Transport and Directorate of Airports. The Ministry is also responsible for the management of the national road network. At a provincial level, roads are managed by the Department for Public Works.
Directorate of Customs and Excise
Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai is responsible for the implementation of customs and excise duty within Indonesia both via sea, land and air ports.
Directorate of Immigration
The Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi is responsible for all immigration matters within Indonesia.
Ministry of Agriculture
The Ministry is responsible for all quarantine issues for cargo entering into Indonesia.
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
As part of the Ministry, the Badan Geologi via the Centre for
Volcanology and Geological Hazard mitigation has the responsibility
to research, investigate (monitor, evaluate and report) and provide
other services in the field of volcanology and geological
disasters.
Meteorological, Climatology and Geo-Physical Agency
Badan Meteorology, Klimatologi, Dan Geofisika (BKMG) is responsible
for the monitoring for meteorology, climatology, air quality and
geophysics within Indonesia. The agency is also involved in the
development of government policy in these areas and the
transmission of data and information in regards to climate
issues.
Central Bureau of Statistics
The Badan Pusat Statistik has responsibility for the provision of data requirements for the Indonesian government and wider society.
Ministry of Finance
As part of the Ministry of Finance, the Directorate General of Taxation (Direktorat Jenderal Pajak) is mandated to formulate and implement matters in regards to taxation within Indonesia.
1.3 Indonesia Customs Information
Duties and Tax Exemption
For contact information regarding government custom authorities, please follow the link below:
4.1 Indonesia Government Contact List
Indonesia is a member state of the World Customs Organization (WCO), having ratified the Convention establishing a Customs Co-operation Council on 30-Apr-1957. This Convention entered into force on 4th November 1952.
The only international body of Customs law that contains a specific chapter binding states to facilitate the work of intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations in implementing humanitarian assistance is the revised Kyoto Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures (with its Annex J-5 on the Special Procedure for Relief Material). Indonesia has not signed/ratified this Convention. They also have neither signed nor ratified the Tampere Convention on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations.
In the event of an emergency, all humanitarian aid organizations must liaise with BNPB (National Agency for Disaster Management) for all topics including customs and excise, BNPB then will decide if any specific measures end exemption should apply.
Indonesia’s export import activities have an online system called Indonesia NSW, http://www.insw.go.id. The system enables trader to submit regulatory documents through the internet. This has resulted in the procedure to get license such as customs declarations, applications for import/export permits, and others from related Government of Agency (GOA) to be simplified.
Emergency Response:
[Note: This section contains information which is related and applicable to 'crisis' times. These instruments can be applied when an emergency is officially declared by the Government. When this occurs, there is usually a streamlined process to import goods duty and tax free.]
In the following table, state which of the following agreements and conventions apply to the country and if there are any other existing ones
Agreements / Conventions Description |
Ratified by Country? (Yes / No) |
---|---|
WCO (World Customs Organization) member |
Yes 30 Apr 1957 |
Annex J-5 Revised Kyoto Convention |
Yes 03 Dec 2004 |
OCHA Model Agreement |
No |
Tampere Convention (on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations) |
No |
Regional Agreements (on emergency/disaster response, but also customs unions, regional integration) |
Indonesia is a member of ASEAN |
Exemption Regular Regime (Non-Emergency Response):
[Note: This section should contain information on the usual duties & taxes exemption regime during non-emergency times, when there is no declared state of emergency and no streamlines process (e.g. regular importations/development/etc.).]
Any humanitarian organization is allowed to be operational in the country as long as they are registered and approved by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. All organizations must follow the rules and regulations with no exceptions. All UN agencies and NGOs working in the country may obtain duty exemption on their humanitarian cargo, however the process will not necessarily be the same due to the individual agreements with the Government and whether the goods are arriving under normal country conditions or during emergency situation.
For humanitarian cargo, duty & tax exemptions are issued by the State Secretariat Office (Ministry of State Secretariat) on shipment-by-shipment basis after submitting a form called a “PP 19”. This PP19 form derives from Government Regulation No.19 which officially states that humanitarian aid can be imported into the country duty and tax free. Each organization must also have a local government counterpart who, in return, will facilitate the importation process of goods.
For commercial cargo, all goods are subject to duties and taxes and, if there is an exception to this rule, it must be obtained through Ministry of Finance.
Organizational Requirements to obtain Duty Free Status |
---|
United Nations Agencies |
A valid MOU is requested for the exemption procedure. |
Non Governmental Organizations |
NGOs must be registered and have a MOU signed with the government. Tax exemption issues should be documented in the MOU to facilitate the clearing procedures. |
Exemption Certificate Application Procedure:
Duties and Taxes Exemption Application Procedure |
---|
Generalities (include a list of necessary documentation) |
Before the commodities arrive to Indonesia, a formal
notification of arrival must be submitted to the State
Secretariat.
The PP19 validation process takes at least 7 working days. It
should normally be initiated before the vessel’s arrival. It is duly recommended to anticipate the cargo arrival and to get support from the supervision ministry as it could facilitate and shorten the official procedures. |
Process to be followed (step by step or flowchart) |
For information on import procedures and Duties and Tax exemptions, please see the following documents: Procedures for Exemption of Taxes and Duties for Importing Goods for International Agencies |
Exemption Certificate Document Requirements
Duties and Taxes Exemption Certificate Document Requirements (by commodity) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Food |
NFI (Shelter, WASH, Education) |
Medicines |
Vehicle & Spare Parts |
Staff & Office Supplies |
Telecoms Equipment |
Invoice |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
AWB/BL/Other Transport Documents |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Donation/Non-Commercial Certificates |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Packing Lists |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, Applies to UN and NGOs |
Other Documents |
Halal Certificate for prepared food |
n/a |
Import Permit issued by BPOM (Certificate of Analysis is mandatory to get the import permit) |
n/a | n/a |
Import permit |
Additional Notes |
Customs Clearance
General Information
Customs Information |
|
---|---|
Document Requirements |
Before the commodities arrive to Indonesia, a formal notification of arrival must be submitted to the State Secretariat. A complete set of original shipping documents must be submitted with the PP19 form, including;
|
Embargoes |
N/A |
Prohibited Items |
All goods categorized as B3, such as: narcotics, weapons, etc. Those items are allowed for special purposes; medicine, military defence, etc. |
General Restrictions |
A rice ban has been active since 2004. There are other foods with limited quotas such as sugar, salt and beef. |
Customs Clearance Document Requirements
Customs Clearance Document Requirements (by commodity) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Food |
NFI (Shelter, WASH, Education) |
Medicines |
Vehicles & Spare Parts |
Staff & Office Supplies |
Telecoms Equipment |
D&T Exemption Certificate |
Yes (PP19) - Original |
Yes (PP19) - Original |
Yes (PP19) - Original |
Yes (PP19) - Original |
Yes (PP19) - Original |
Yes (PP19) - Original |
Invoice |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
AWB/BL/Other Transport Documents |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Donation/Non-Commercial Certificates |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Packing Lists |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Yes - Original |
Phyto-sanitary Certificate |
Yes - Original |
n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Other Documents |
|
n/a |
|
|
n/a |
|
Additional Notes |
||||||
As it is a question of communication and coordination between governmental bodies, some major delays can occur in obtaining Import Permits. |