Disasters, Conflicts and Migration |
||
---|---|---|
Natural Disasters |
Yes / No |
Comments / Details |
Drought |
Yes |
13 Events – 19,673 Killed – 13,183,500 Affected. |
Earthquakes |
Yes | 1 Tsunami – 298 Killed – 105,083 Affected |
Epidemics |
Yes | Various = Unspecified, Bacterial
Infectious Diseases, Parasitic Infectious Diseases, Viral
Infectious Diseases. 27 Events – 6,606 Killed – 108,529 Affected |
Extreme Temperatures |
Yes |
Between April and July the average temperature is 40°C and above. |
Flooding |
Yes | 5 Events – 3024 Killed – 2,543,569
Affected. There is seasonal flooding throughout the country, however, generally short term only. The areas that get flooded on a more regular basis are the regions (Bakool, Hiraan, Baay) between the two permanent rivers, the Jubba and the Shabelle. |
Insect Infestation |
No |
n/a |
Mudslides |
No | n/a |
Volcanic Eruptions |
No | n/a |
High Waves / Surges |
No | n/a |
Wildfires |
No | n/a |
High Winds |
Yes |
Tropical cyclone - 1 Event – 30 Killed. Somalia is also affected on regular basis by Sand storms. |
Other Comments |
140 estimated dead in cyclone 03A. | |
Man-Made Issues |
||
Civil Strife |
Yes | Fighting has continued in Somalia for more than a decade and between various warlord-led clan groups, including Al-Shabaab militant group. |
International Conflict |
Yes | In October 2011, a coordinated operation between the Somali military and the Kenyan military began against the Al-Shabaab group of insurgents in southern Somalia.The mission was officially led by the Somali army, with the Kenyan forces providing a support role. In early June 2012, Kenyan forces were formally integrated into AMISOM.Analysts expect the additional AU troop reinforcements to help the Somali authorities gradually expand their territorial control. |
Internally Displaced Persons |
Yes | According to the UNHCR report dated from May 2013, over 1.1 million (1,132,963 peoples) have Somalis internally displaced been identified within the country, settled mainly in the South-Central region. |
Refugees Present |
Yes | Somalia is the country generating the third highest number of refugees in the world, after Afghanistan and Iraq. UNHCR leads protection and emergency relief interventions targeting 700,000 IDPs out of a total IDP population estimated at 1.1 million and over 2,300 refugees in Somalia. |
Landmines / UXO Present |
Yes |
As a result of conflict with Ethiopia and two decades of civil war, Somalia is littered with landmines, explosive remnants of war (ERW), stockpiles of weapons, and ammunition. According to recent reports, mine lying may still be occurring in the southern and central parts of the country and in the disputed Sool and Sanaag regions. The use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) by armed groups has compounded the threats facing communities and aid organisations (Source: UNMAS - http://www.mineaction.org/programmes/somalia) |
Other Comments |
SEASON PERFORMANCE Most rural livelihoods are expected to see marked improvements in their food security situation as a result of good seasonal performance of the Gu (main rainy season), according to results of the rapid preliminary assessment carried out by FAO. Some deterioration of the food security situation is however expected in the agro pastoral areas of Hiraan that experienced poor rainfall as well as the flood affected riverine areas in Jowhar (Middle Shabelle). A slight deterioration is also likely in parts of pastoral livelihoods in Mudug and Bari regions. The deterioration in these areas is attributed to poor performance of Gu rains, which affected pasture availability and crop performance. Source : UNOCHA http://www.unocha.org/somalia/ |
For more detailed database on disasters by country, please see the Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters.
Calamities and Seasonal Affects
Seasonal Affects on Transport | ||
---|---|---|
Transport |
Comments |
From (month) to (month) |
Primary Road Transport |
Somalia's network of roads is 22,100
km long. As of the year 2000, 2,608 km streets were paved and
19,492 km were unpaved, which almost all the main roads are in a
severe and very bad condition due to lack of proper maintenance
caused by the prolonged civil war. There are five major roads in
the country, which connects the main water corridors to the inland
towns. Two are from the port of Mogadishu, one from the northwest
port of Berbera, and single routes from both Bossaso and Kismayo.
The corridors are entirely served by road since Somalia has no
railway line. There are also two routes connecting to Djibouti and
Somaliland respectively. More details on Tarmac Roads in Somalia: http://www.ezilon.com/maps/africa/somalia-road-maps.html |
n/a |
Secondary Road Transport |
Roads have deteriorated due to lack of maintenance and intentional damage during civil unrest; some roads remain mined. Transportation therefore relies on impromptu diversions which cause delays and often a reason for increased transport charges during the rainy seasons by claiming roads are impassable and having to detour certain routes. During those rainy seasons, regional roads (non-tarmac) are subject to slow-go and no-go status. Many of these roads have lorries waiting for the road to dry up in which case waiting time increases and in the case of traffic can cause up to as much as 10 days delays. This is particularly the case also in areas inland bordering with Kenya and Ethiopia where rainfall tends to be higher and roads are often black cotton. |
The main rainy season, referred to as the Gu, lasts from April to June. The Dayr, which is the shortest rainy season, lasts from October to December. |
Rail Transport |
Railway transport in Somalia consisted
of the erstwhile Mogadishu-Villabruzzi Railway. The system was
built by the authorities in Italian Somaliland during 1910s. |
n/a |
Air Transport |
As of 2012, Somalia has 62 airports. 7
of these have paved runways. |
n/a |
Waterway Transport |
The four major ports Berbera, Bossaso,
Mogadishu, Kismayu are generally not affected during seasonal
changes. |
n/a |
For information on Somalia Climate additional details, please see the following document: Climate in Somalia
Seasonal Affects on Storage and Handling (economic, social, climate...) |
||
---|---|---|
Activity |
Comments |
From <month> to <month> |
Storage |
No particular Seasonal Effects on Storage. |
n/a |
Handling |
No particular Seasonal Effects on Storage. |
n/a |
Other |
n/a |
n/a |
Pre-positioning of food quantities is generally the order of the day, however in view of insecurity in the country large stocking levels are not advisable. Stocking levels vary although 2 to 3 months is generally kept in storage although this is also dependent of commodity availability. The main commodities kept in stock are: sorghum, corn soya blend (CSB), pulses, plumpy nut and -sup, rice, sugar and vegetable oil. The rainy season has a minor effect, which is mostly short term due to low annual rainfall.
Capacity and Contacts for In-Country Emergency Response
Government
A National Disaster Management Authorities are responsible for developing and maintaining a strategic and legal framework on disaster management and emergency response. These are:
- Somali Disaster Management Agency (DMA) in Mogadishu.
The Somali Disaster Management Agency (SDMA) is the national
emergency management agency of the Federal Republic of Somalia.
On May 30, 2013, the Federal Government of Somalia announced that
the Cabinet had approved draft legislation on a new Somali Disaster
Management Agency (SDMA), which had originally been proposed by the
Ministry of Interior. According to the Prime Minister's Media
Office, the SDMA will lead and coordinate the government's response
to various natural disasters. It is part of a broader effort by the
federal authorities to re-establish national institutions. The
Federal Parliament is now expected to deliberate on the proposed
bill for endorsement after any amendments.
- National Environment Preparedness and Management Authority (NERAD) in Somaliland.
NERAD is an autonomous public institution of the Government of Somaliland, empowered by legislation as the official lead government institution with respect to disaster management and coordination in Somaliland.
- Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management Agency (HADMA) in Puntland.
The agencies may have limited capacity in early warning and response and rely mostly on external support from the international community.
For information on Somalia Government contact details, please see the following link:
4.1 Somalia Government Contact List
Humanitarian Community
For information on Somalia Humanitarian contact details, please see the following link: