Georgia Port Assessment

For information on Georgia Port contact details, please see the following link: 

4.3 Georgia Port and Waterways Company Contact List

Georgia Aviation 

Key airport information may also be found at: World Aero Data information on Georgia

For information on Georgia Airport contact details, please see the following link: 

4.4 Georgia Airport Company Contact List

Procedures for Foreign Registered Aircraft

Georgia Road Network

For information on Georgia road network contact details, please see the following link: 

4.1 Georgia Government Contact List

The condition of the highways in Georgia is reasonably good. When road conditions are poor on the major roads, four wheel drive vehicles are advisable. Especially during winter snow, fog and ice can be a problem in the mountainous parts of the country. In mountainous regions the roads can be narrow and slopes are sometimes steep, which in combination with bad conditions can limit the cargo that can be transported, this however is only the case in specific regions like Lechkhumi, Upper Swaneti, mountainous part of Racha and Imereti

There is sufficient transport capacity in the country, which consists mainly Soviet built trucks (Gaz, Kamaz, Ural, Maz) including 4x4 and 6x6 wheel drive trucks with capacity varying from 10 mt to more than 30 mt. The highways can easily handle these large trucks including trailers. On specific mountain roads the capacity is limited to about 10 mt or less depending on the slope and road conditions. During the winter period, mountainous roads can be subjected to fog and snow, making them difficult to negotiate. The spring rains and/or melting snow can make minor mountain road covered by mud.

The main road transport route through Georgia runs from the border with Turkey in Sarpi along the coast to Ureki (S-2), from where it cuts eastwards via Samtredia (S-12), Kutaisi (S-1), Zestaphoni, Khasuri and Gori to Tbilisi. Beyond Tbilisi the highway splits in a route along Rustavi (S-9 and S-4) to the border with Azerbaidjan and another to the border with Armenia (S-6 and S-7). Another highway route goes from Tbilisi to the Kaheti region (S-5). The “Military Highway” (S-3) goes north from Tbilisi up the Kazbegi pass where it crosses into Russia. Due to the existing political and security situation, the Roki tunnel (S-10) in South-Ossetia and the border crossing point in Leselidze in Abkhzia (S-1) are not accessible for regular road transport originating from Georgia proper. Another secondary highway route runs along the Turkish border from Sarpi to Akhaltsikhe, from where it joins the Kutaisi – Tbilisi highway via Borjomi at Khasuri. The main border crossing with Turkey is in Sarpi at the Black Sea coast. A less frequently used, but still important border crossing point with Turkey is Vale, a few kilometers from Akhaltiskhe. The main border crossings with Armenia are at Sadakhlo and Mughalo. Trucks coming from Turkey in Vale tend to use the short cut into Armenia via Akhakalaki and Ninotsminda (S-11)

All these highways – with the exception of those crossing mountain passes (S-3 and S-5 and the route from Sarpi along the Turkish border) – can be used by large trucks with 20 mt – or more – capacity all through the year. There is no toll levying on the highways, though foreign registered vehicles need to pay a kind of road tax when entering the country. The S-1 highway has a tunnel – with alternative mountain trail – between Zestaphoni and Khashuri for which a small toll fee is levied. All river crossings are by means of bridges, not ferries.

Distance Matrix

Road Class and Surface Conditions

For information on Georgia Road network additional information, please see the following document: 

Georgia Road Construction

Note: The information provided in the attached documents, which has been taken from the old DLCA, does not match the structure of the new LCA and is therefore provided separately.

Georgia Railway Assessment

Georgian Railway LLC (GR) intends to improve the safety and efficiency of their railway operations by constructing a new section of railway track bypassing the central part of Tbilisi and upgrading the existing stations of Didube and Navtlughi. GR has approached the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the European Investment Bank (EIB) to finance the Tbilisi Railway Bypass project.
According to Georgian law, the potential environmental impacts of the project must be evaluated by an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process and documented in an environmental impact statement. As part of their decision-making process, EBRD and EIB require an evaluation of the proposed project through an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) that meets EBRD and some other international guidelines. The development of both, the Georgian EIA and EBRD’s ESIA are being consolidated into one process and documented in this single report.

The railroad is the main mode of transport for cargo that arrives in Georgia through the ports of Poti and Batumi. The Georgian railroad also serves the two other landlocked south Caucasus countries of Armenia and Azerbaijan. There is also a link with the Russian Federation that runs through the rebellious region of Abkhazia and which therefore is in disuse

From the coast the railroad travels through West Georgia via the town of Kutaisi, through the mountains, to Tbilisi. From here it travels further to Yerevan in Armenia and Baku in Azerbaijan. There are also a number of minor lines servicing the major towns of the different regions in Georgia. The freight transportation maximum in Caucasus (Georgia and Armenia) was in 1985 and reached 63.1 million mt
However, after disintegration of a former USSR economical links were broken up and freight transportation fell down to 4.6 million mt by 1995 but in the following years the volume moved increased

Specific gravity of Georgian railway in every kind of the freight transportation is about 90%. Existing technical equipment makes possible Georgian railway to transit 25-30 million mt of cargo per year. Within the Georgian setting the railways can be considered as one of the few (semi-) Government systems that operate quite efficiently. This is among others the result of the realization that due to its strategic position relative to the two other Southern Caucasus countries, it has a major role as transit country with the nearest port. In addition, construction of the new link connecting Azeri and Georgian railway systems to turkey has been agreed between the 3 countries but construction has not started yet due to tender announcement

Railway Companies and Consortia

For information on Georgia Railway company contact details, please see the following link:

4.9 Georgia Railway Company Contact List

For information on Georgia Railway additional details and pictures, please see the following document:

Georgia Railway Additional Info

Georgia railway assessment I

Georgia railway assessment II

Note: The information provided in the attached documents, which has been taken from the old DLCA, does not match the structure of the new LCA and is therefore provided separately.

Georgia Waterways Assessment

The longest rivers in Georgia are:
1. Alazani – 390 km in length with a catchment basin of 12,000 km²
2. Kura – 351 km in length with a catchment basin of 21,100 km²
3. Rioni – 333 km in length with a catchment basin of 13,400 km²
4. Enguri – 206 km in length with a catchment basin of 4,100 km²

The biggest lakes in Georgia are:
1. Paravan – with a surface area of 37.5 km³
2. Kartsakhi – with a surface area of 26.3 km³

Waterways of Georgia

Water supply in the country is on the average level and a safe drinking water supply is the key component of the general objective to ensure the environmental safety and health of people in Georgia. At present, all 85 cities and districts of Georgia are provided with centralized water systems. There are a total of 156 major water intakes. Drinking water is mainly withdrawn from the ground sources. A total design capacity of the ground drinking water sources is 3.1 million m³ a day. Waste water discharge systems operate in 41 cities and districts, 30 of which have waste water treatment plants of total design capacity equal to 1.6 million m³ a day (including regional treatment facilities in Gardabansky District with a capacity of 1.0 million. m³ a day, which serve Tbilisi and Rustavi). The total length of waterways and water distribution networks in Georgia is 9,500 km and a length of wastewater networks and sewers is 4,000 km

Georgia Storage Assessment

During the Soviet days warehouses were set up in all major urban centres of Georgia. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, much of the infrastructure has become dysfunctional. Many of these warehouses have access to the railroad. Every major town along the railroad network has warehouses with railway access. Should warehousing capacity still be short, one could look into a number of the factory buildings that are no longer in use. Some improvements (cleaning, removal of hardware, installing of security devises etc.) will be necessary, but it should be cheaper than importing mobile storage units, such as Wiikhalls, and the like. As a result of the industrial past of the country during the Soviet days and the high unemployment rate, it is not difficult to find skilled labourers. Warehouse management staff and logisticians generally need some training, but with the gradual increasing activities of a number of Western Joint Venture companies, skilled staff becomes more available.

Commercial Storage

Storage Used by Humanitarian Organizations

Georgia Milling Assessment

Milling Company: Alaphi 

For information on Georgia Milling Company Contact details, please see the following link: 

4.5 Georgia Storage and Milling Company Contact List