1 Chad Country Profile
Generic Information
Chad is a vast, landlocked country in north-central Africa, with a population of 17.9 million. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon, Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Chad is divided into multiple regions: a desert zone in the North, an arid Sahelian belt in the center and a more fertile Sudanese savanna zone in the South. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the second-largest wetland in Africa. Chad is home to over 200 ethnic and linguistic groups, the official languages are Arabic and French, and the main religions practiced are Islam (55.1%) and Christianity (41.1%). Chad’s economy remains heavily dependent on extractive industries, primarily oil, and unprocessed agricultural commodities, which leaves the country vulnerable to external factors, such as world oil prices, food prices, and drought. Chad’s investment climate remains challenging and infrastructure, including transportation and telecommunications, is underdeveloped or outdated. Skilled labor is limited and companies that try to bring experts for projects face strict limits on the employment of foreigners.
Source: Wikipedia (publisher), Chad http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad Date Accessed: 15 Nov 2022
Chad Generic Information Links:
Chad Wikipedia Country Information
Chad CIA World Factbook Country Information
Chad Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Information*
(*Note: This is a paid service.)
Humanitarian Information Links:
Chad World Food Programme Information
Chad UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) Information
Chad UNOCHA Relief Web Information
Chad USAID Bureau of Humanitarian Affairs (BHA) Information
Facts and Figures Links:
Chad Wolfram Alpha Information
Chad World Population Review Information
Chad United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) Information
Chad - 1.1 Chad Humanitarian Background
1.2 Chad Regulatory Departments
In Chad, there are number of government agencies that are responsible for administering licensing and regulating capacity. The list below, although it is not exhaustive, identifies some of the key regulatory departments in the government of Chad.
-
Chad Downstream Petroleum Sector Regulatory Authority: Ministry of Energy and Petrol (ARSAT)
ARSAT is responsible for controlling the quality and quantity of petroleum products at the refinery level. In practice, ARSAT must regulate and monitor standards of refineries, stations, and points of sale deposits. Also, ARSAT has the constitutional duty to maintain the inventory and security of strategic stocks.
-
Chad Livestock Research Institute for Development: Ministry of Agriculture (IRED)
IRED is the premiere livestock research institute in Chad. IRED analyzes and maintains quality control of the biological factors of food for human consumption. Chad is Africa’s 4th largest producer of livestock with over 100 million heads as of 2018. Despite the importance of livestock in the Chadian economy, Chad currently has no functional industrial slaughterhouses and makes limited use of valued-added animal products.
-
Electronic Communication Regulation Authority (ARCEP): Ministry of Technology and Communication
ARCEP conducts market analysis and publishes information for the regulation of telecommunications tools to provide relevant data to investors and organizations.
-
Chadian Water Agency: Ministry of the Environment
The water agency collects information on the quality of water being distributed and ensures that the beneficiaries of the water service are informed on developments of the agency.
Chad’s only food testing and quality control organization is the Center for Quality Control of Foodstuffs (CECOQDA). CECOQDA conducts testing on items ranging from food commodities to water. The agency is equipped to conduct both microbiological and physio-chemical tests and is mandated to do conduct pre-shipment inspection at the border. Despite this mandate, CECOQDA mainly tests and inspects products within Chadian borders and does not engage as much in pre-shipment inspection at border areas.
The Directorate of Plant Protection (DPVC) is the government’s primary agency concerned with phytosanitary regulations. DPVC regulates all agricultural commodities nationally (imports and exports) and controls for plant disease and infestation.
The Chadian Standards Agency (ATNOR) is the government body concerned with the development and implementation of national standards. As a National Standards Body (NSB) and conformity assessment body, ATNOR's mission is to contribute to the development and implementation of government policy in the field of standardization and quality in Chad. To this end, it is responsible for:
-
The development, publication, and dissemination of national standards;
-
The approval of international standards;
-
Centralization and coordination of standardization work;
-
Training and awareness in the fields of standardization;
-
Certification of conformity to standards;
-
Promotion of standards to public and private sector organizations;
-
Cooperation with international organizations and specialized committees in the field of standardization;
-
Conducting studies related to standardization and developing proposals for measures to improve the quality of products and services, and compliance with standards;
-
Management of the WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Enquiry Point and the National Codex Alimentarius Committee.
ATNOR is administered by two governing bodies, the board of directors and a general management.
For more information on regulatory departments and quality, please see the following link:
Chad - 1.3 Chad Customs Information
Duties and Tax Exemption
Economic Background
In 2020, Chad operated at a positive trade balance. The total value of Chadian exports and imports was 1.5 and 1.01$ billion respectively. The trade mix is mainly the result of Chadian exports of Crude Petroleum (79% of the export mix). Despite a positive trade balance, most of the goods purchased in Chad are imported. Chad does not have quantitative restrictions on imports, tariff protections, or import licensing requirements. Norms usually follow French/European standards and ISO 9000 series of standards. Tariffs for imports are levied at the common external tariff (CET) amount by the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC). On average, the CET equates to 18.1%. Additional duties and taxes levied at the border increase the tax burden. Non-tariff barriers to trade and a high tax burden have led to the creation of informal markets. Chadian exporters face similar constraints. Export taxes for agricultural goods, livestock products, and live cattle, for example, can reach as high as 13%.
Tax Regime
In Chad, the Value-added tax (VAT) is 18% on all taxable operations and 9% on local products such as cement, sugar, oil, soap, textiles, concrete, and iron. Some essential goods like medicine, milk, meat, poultry, flour, rice, sorghum, and products for public administration are exempted from VAT. For exports and their related international transportation, there is 0% VAT tax. Customs duties range from 5% to 30% depending on the nature of the good (as seen below).
-
Goods of necessity: 5%
-
Raw materials and goods of equipment: 10%
-
Intermediate and miscellaneous goods: 20%
-
Consumer goods: 30%
Emergency Response:
[Note: This section contains information which is related and applicable to ‘crisis’ times. These instruments can be applied when an emergency is officially declared by the Government. When this occurs, there is usually a streamlined process to import goods duty and tax free.]
Agreements / Conventions Description |
Ratified by Chad? (Yes / No) |
---|---|
WCO (World Customs Organization) member |
Yes, 16/02/2005 |
Annex J-5 Revised Kyoto Convention |
Yes, 17/04/2008 |
OCHA Model Agreement |
Yes |
Tampere Convention (on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations) |
Yes, signed 20 Oct 1999 but not ratified |
Regional Agreements (on emergency/disaster response, but also customs unions, regional integration) |
|
Exemption Regular Regime (Non-Emergency Response):
[Note: This section should contain information on the usual duties & taxes exemption regime during non-emergency times, when there is no declared state of emergency and no streamlines process (e.g. regular importations/development/etc.).]
Organizational Requirements to obtain Duty Free Status |
---|
United Nations Agencies |
A letter of understanding regarding duties & taxes exemptions is signed between UN agencies and the Chadian government for each project. The request is submitted to the Immunities, Privileges, Acts and Protocoled Documents section of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and African Integration. |
Non-Governmental Organizations |
President: 50,000 CFA Reporter: 45,000 CFA Technical Representative: 40,000 CFA Customs Contact Details: Nadjibaye Doural Customs Inspector Telephone: (+235) 66 48 96 50 66 24 55 38 90 84 95 83 |
Exemption Certificate Application Procedure
Duties and Taxes Exemption Application Procedure |
---|
Generalities (include a list of necessary documentation) |
The customs office is linked to the Ministry of Finance. NGOs or UN Agencies can receive total or partial exemptions of duties and taxes according to article 332 of the CEMAC Customs Code. To fill out an application, the organization must follow the same procedure outlined in the “Organizational Requirements to obtain Duty Free Status” section above. |
Process to be followed (step by step or flowchart) |
UN Agencies:
NGO:
|
Exemption Certificate Document Requirements:
Duties and Taxes Exemption Certificate Document Requirements (by commodity) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Food |
NFI (Shelter, WASH, Education) |
Medicines |
Vehicle & Spare Parts |
Staff & Office Supplies |
Telecoms Equipment |
Invoice |
Yes, Original, applies to UN |
Yes, Original |
Yes, Original |
Yes, Original |
Yes, Original |
Yes, Original |
AWB/BL/Other Transport Documents |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Donation/Non-Commercial Certificates |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Yes, Original |
Packing Lists |
No |
No |
No |
No |
No |
Yes, Original |
Other Documents |
Phytosanitary Certificate (Original) |
N/A |
Phytosanitary Certificate (Original) |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Customs Clearance
General Information
Chad’s Customs Department (Douane) is composed of seven distinct districts throughout the country. In total, there are 31 full-service offices (known as Bureau de Plein), 32 secondary offices (Bureau Secondaire), and 58 border control posts (Postes de Control). Despite a functioning customs department, the free movement of goods and services is limited.
Chad is a member of both CEMAC and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Additionally, Chad is a ratifying member of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCTA) as of 2018. Although COVID-19 has slowed the progression of the elimination of tariffs on most goods and services, there is continued hope that AfCTA will positively impact Chad’s economic activity.
Humanitarian goods imported by NGOs or UN agencies can benefit from a total or partial exemption from duties and taxes according to agreements signed with the Chadian government. To obtain a certificate of exemption from duties and taxes in Chad, an organization must have a waybill/bill of lading, certificate of origin, invoice or gift certificate/non-commercial invoice, a consignment note, and the packing list. With these documents, the organization must then prepare a request for exemption which must be signed and sent for approval to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (if UN) or to the Ministry of Economy and Planning (for NGOs) and finally validated by the Director General of Customs. The procedure for requesting duty and tax exemptions is the same for food and non-food products and generally takes seven to ten days.
Customs Information |
|
---|---|
Document Requirements |
Invoice, Waybill, Convention or Agreement with the Government of Chad, Authorization to Import, Transit Document (D15), copy of Project Agreement (for NGO’s) |
Embargoes |
N/A |
Prohibited Items |
· Arms and munitions · Pornography · Narcotics · Illicit drugs and explosives · Charcoal · Plastic bags (There is currently a ban on single use plastic bags in N’Djamena. This does not refer to sacs used for in-kind commodities) |
General Restrictions |
Live animals require vaccination and must be accompanied by international or national proof of vaccination |
Customs Clearance Document Requirements
Prior to importing goods into Chad, the following documents must be filled out and submitted to the Ministry of Economy, Commerce, and Tourism:
Commercial Invoice: All invoices must contain the names of the exporter(s), consignee(s), the product name(s), quantity of each unit, declared value of each unit, gross weight, net weight, and total declared value. There should be approximately four invoice copies preferably in French.
Certificate of Origin: The certificate of origin must be issued or notarized and certified by an official Chamber of Commerce in the country of the product’s origin, or by the local Chadian branch of the foreign Chamber of Commerce. If applicable, the Chadian consulate in the manufacturing country could authenticate the certificate of origin. Two copies are required, preferably in French or other language with the French translation.
Packing list: Packing lists should include the number and quantity per carton and be in numeric series. A packing list is not required, but without it, customs clearance may be delayed.
Bill of lading/Air waybill: Documents should include the name and address of the consignee/importer of the goods. Identification numbers on bills of lading, air waybills, and invoices must be full and correct.
Halal Certificate: Certificate that states that the fresh or frozen meat or poultry products were slaughtered in accordance with Islamic law must be included if the product claims Halal certification. Certification by an appropriate Chamber of Commerce is required.
Special Requirements for Pharmaceuticals Inspection: Special import certification may be required for pharmaceuticals. CEMAC’s public health body, the Organization for Coordination of the Fight against Endemic Diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC), oversees the process of harmonization of national pharmaceutical policies. Up-to-date health and pre-shipment inspection regulations are available at the Ministry of Public Health.
Customs Clearance Document Requirements (by commodity) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Food |
NFI (Shelter, WASH, Education) |
Medicines |
Vehicles & Spare Parts |
Staff & Office Supplies |
Telecoms Equipment |
D&T Exemption Certificate |
Yes, Original |
Yes, Original |
Yes, Original |
Yes, for UN and Temporary Admission Certificate for NGOs |
N/A |
N/A |
Invoice |
Yes, Original |
Yes, Original |
Yes, Original |
Yes, Original |
No |
Yes, Original |
AWB/BL/Other Transport Documents |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes, Original |
Donation/Non-Commercial Certificates |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Yes, Original |
Packing Lists |
Preferred |
Preferred |
Preferred |
Preferred |
Preferred |
Preferred |
Phytosanitary Certificate |
Yes |
N/A |
Yes |
N/A |
No |
N/A |
Other Documents |
Certificate of Origin |
Certificate of Origin |
Certificate of Origin |
Certificate of Origin |
N/A |
Mandatory authorization from Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Telecommunication |
Additional Notes |
||||||
Typically, international organizations in Chad use forwarding agents for shipping and clearance procedures. To begin the process of providing customs clearance documentation, a cover letter (with specialized instructions on the customs regime, dispatching plan, tonnage, etc.) is prepared by the respective organization and given to the forwarding agent who begins the formal customs procedure. Oftentimes to speed up the clearance process, forwarding agents will want to acquire proof of an Electronic Cargo Tracking Note (ECTN) from the departure port. |
Transit Regime
Currently, commodities destined for Chad arrive from Douala Port in Cameroon. Once containers arrive at Douala, customs papers are checked. Transporters of cargo can proceed from Cameroon to Chad if they have a transit order and customs declaration. In transit, the transporter will stop at all necessary customs offices to have the transit order and customs declaration approved and signed.
Transit that is done by road or railway must be done in accordance with the IM8 customs declaration. The IM8 customs declaration is issued by local customs office services and is recognized internationally (by CEMAC) as proof of import. With the IM8, transporters can acquire the transit voucher(s) which identify the travelling cargo. With the IM8 and the transport voucher(s), the transporter may proceed.
Issuing Procedures
-
A chartered customs broker begins the IM8 process with the opening of a transit file after the arrival of the shipment.
-
The proof that the import operation has been made in the destination country’s currency is attached to the file.
-
An office chief and appointed inspector begin verifying the transit file. The deadline for the handling of the file cannot exceed two hours. Once the file has been approved it will be marked “Good for Transit”.
-
Alternatively, customs offices can utilize the D15 model in which a transit voucher is issued for all goods withdrawn from the shipment. The voucher is signed by the Transit Chief of Service as soon as the cargo is loaded on the transportation vehicle. The D15 will be created in reference to the IM8. Moving forward, either the IM8 or D15 will serve as accepted customs declaration documentation.
In-transit formalities
-
Customs agents present at check points will make sure that the lead knots, seals, and marks on the parcels transported have not been broken or altered. Numbers must be identical to those mentioned on the original IM8 accompanying them or the transit voucher (D15).
-
Agents will stamp the original IM8 or the D15 with the inscriptions “seen on passage with seals or lead knots intact” and mention the number of parcels presented.
-
If lead knots or seals are broken, customs agents will mention it on the IM8 or the D15 with the inscriptions “seen on passage with lead knots or seals broken”.
-
The customs agents immediately check the cargo and establish a report.
Closing procedures
At a licensed customs issuing office, the liquidation of the IM8 occurs with the presentation of signed transit vouchers and the original IM8 bearing the inscription and approval of customs offices crossed during transit. The file is deposited by the customs office within a period of 2 “clearing days”.